Research Methods Exam 3

Front 1

Criticisms of Group desings and analysis

Back 1

Error Varieance, generizability, reliability

Front 2

Reliability

Back 2

the degree to which the measure is consistent, that is, over repeated measurements would give the same result.

Front 3

Error Variance

Back 3

A difference between what is expected and what happens

Front 4

Gerneralizability

Back 4

Induce from specific cases to more general cases

Front 5

Learning Curves

Back 5

Need to observe individualas and averages to get clear picture

Front 6

Single Case experimental designs

Back 6

individual participant is analized not the experimental group. Usualy 3-8 are studied but all separetly

Front 7

case studies

Back 7

Analize a particualr person, usualy something extrodinary, hard to replicate in a lab

Front 8

use of case studies

Back 8

development and refinement of theories of human behaviors, describe rare phenomenon

Front 9

Group think

Back 9

When group members agree with each other mere then they obtain accurate information for good decisions

Front 10

limits of case studies

Back 10

failure to control external variables
statistical inference ( how well compares to people in general)
Operational definitions are sometimes problamatic, abd observer bias

Front 11

Single Variable Research

Back 11

describe some specific property of a group of people, usially descriptive in ature

Front 12

types of single variable research

Back 12

population surveys and census, cluster sampling

Front 13

Population surveys and census

Back 13

first identifies a representafull subset, the later targets defined population

Front 14

Cluster sampling

Back 14

participants are selcted in clustesrs, allows to overcome constratins of cast and time associated with a very dispersed population

Front 15

Sampleing error

Back 15

reflects discrepancy between the results one obtains from the sample and the population

Front 16

Epidemiological Research

Back 16

descriptive studies that focus on the the prevalence of different diseases in a population

Front 17

research on public oppinion

Back 17

designed to determine the attitues and the specific prefrences of specific populations

Front 18

False Consensus Efect

Back 18

over estimate the percentage of indiviuals who think like you

Front 19

advantages Disadvantages pop surveys

Back 19

Cost Effective,
Compex sampling issues, Attrition of the american public and noise

Front 20

Sigle Variance Conveniance Samples

Back 20

A demonstration of huma judgement that is so interesting, counter intuitive or disturbing taht it is suprising to see it occur in any sample.... Ex bill the acct

Front 21

The conjuction Fallacy

Back 21

Ex. Bill the acct, always more probable that one event happens then two

Front 22

multiple Variable Research : correlational Research

Back 22

Exploarations into associations of variables in natural settings , does not imply casualty, because of third variable conounds and reverse causality

Front 23

Confounds in correlational research

Back 23

person confounds, environmental confounds, opperational confouncs

Front 24

person confounds

Back 24

individual differences variables

Front 25

environmental confounds

Back 25

situational stressfull life events can cause both depression and anxiety

Front 26

operational confounds

Back 26

occurs when a measure, which is designed to measure one construct measeures something else as well.

Front 27

Reverse Casuality

Back 27

when there is confusion to what causes what, when a or b could cause each other or maybe even c is doing it

Front 28

Longitudal designs

Back 28

follow participants over times making repeated assessments of the variables of intrest (helpful but not dfinitive)

Front 29

Why use correlational rsearch

Back 29

Some reserach cant be done ethically, gains in external validiyt compensate for los with internal valididty

Front 30

Archival Research

Back 30

research in which investigators examine naturally existing publi records to test a theory or ypothesis, high external validity

Front 31

Probelms with archival research

Back 31

internal validity, calssifications, dependent on others

Front 32

observational research

Back 32

behaviors studied are alwasy real, researchers do not manipulate, different from archival though because reserachres make the observations themselves
through unobtrusive observations

Front 33

Unobtrusive observations

Back 33

don not interfere with peoples natural behavior, people do not relize that they are being studied

Front 34

Independent Variable Manipulation

Back 34

Environmental, Instructional, Invasive

Front 35

Environmental Meanipulation

Back 35

Change in Location of study

Front 36

Instructional Manipulation,

Back 36

Assign different actions

Front 37

Invasive Manipulation

Back 37

Swallowing a Pill

Front 38

Manipulation Check

Back 38

Measure designed to see if individual is truely in psych state the eperimentor wants to create, use deception

Front 39

Confounds

Back 39

Changes with the independent variable, make it hard to see if independent casued dependent or the confound

Front 40

Individual Differences Confound

Back 40

Individual differences, solve with matching

Front 41

Procedural COnfounds

Back 41

Occur when an experimentor manipulates two things at once

Front 42

opperational confounds

Back 42

the iV causes the Dv but may not represent the construct the experimentor originally had in mind

Front 43

Lab Use

Back 43

reduce noise, variability, make samples homogenius, por external valididty

Front 44

Mundance Realisim

Back 44

Place study is done looks like what is being studied

Front 45

Experimental realism

Back 45

When study feals like what is being studied

Front 46

Experiments

Back 46

High on internal validity, causality

Front 47

non experiments

Back 47

high on external validiy, generalize, correlational, no confirmed causility, third factor

Front 48

optimistic bias,

Back 48

everyone thinks they will succeed