Research Methods Exam 1

Front 1

Construct Validity

Back 1

the degree to which the IV and DV accurately reflect or measure what they are intended to.
True underlying thing you are trying to measure

Front 2

Internal Validity

Back 2

whether causal statements about relationships between variables is warranted
If causal variables cannot be determined, this is a confound in internal validity
can make casual statement about relationship between variables

Front 3

External Validity

Back 3

the extent to which one can generalize from the research setting and participant population to other settings and populations.

Front 4

Control Variable

Back 4

variable held constant across all levels of the IV

Front 5

Control Condition

Back 5

the baseline used that the IV that is being manipulated is compared to

Front 6

Correlation

Back 6

relation between X and Y

Front 7

Causation

Back 7

three possible relationships
X-Y
Y-X
Z-Y & Z-X

Front 8

Validity

Back 8

truth of observations

Front 9

Reliability

Back 9

consistency of behavioral measures
If measure is not reliable, then it is not valid

Front 10

Confounding Varible

Back 10

Something that varies together with the independent variable

Front 11

External Validity *

Back 11

Being able to replicate research

Front 12

Protocol

Back 12

One way to minimize inadvertent researcher bias

Front 13

Construct Validity

Back 13

When measures fit with results
Operationally define all variables will maximize this.

Front 14

Demand Characteristics (Reactivity)

Back 14

When people do things in an experiment that they wouldn't normally do

Front 15

Person Confound

Back 15

Avoided by random assignment

Front 16

Between-Subject Design is Better than Within-Subject Design

Back 16

When the independent variable is likely to have a permanent effect

Front 17

Internal Validity

Back 17

Validity specifically concerned with being able to make causal statements about relationships between variables

Front 18

Completely/Fully Counterbalanced Experimental Design

Back 18

All possible treatment orders are used

Front 19

Deception

Back 19

The best way and most common way to reduce the impact of reactivity on the Independent Variable

Front 20

Random Assignment (most helpful)

Back 20

Preferred to matching because we may not know all of the relevant variables to match

Front 21

Within-Subjects Design

Back 21

When the IV is time

Front 22

Double-Blind Experiment

Back 22

Participant reactivity and researcher bias are minimized

Front 23

Science

Back 23

Is always changing and evolving

Front 24

Faithful Subject

Back 24

Participant who responds honestly on each trial even if he/she know the major hypothesis

Front 25

Pilot Research

Back 25

Preliminary research prior to a complete project

Front 26

Factorial (In Experimental Design)

Back 26

Testing all combinations of the IVs

Front 27

Mundane Realism (Ecological Validity)

Back 27

Is less relevant/important than generalizability

Front 28

Latin Square Design

Back 28

All possible treatment orders are used

Front 29

Control Group

Back 29

is often untreated

Front 30

Within-Subject Design is better than Between-Subject Design

Back 30

Fewer participants are needed
There is less chance of difference between groups
Each participant is his/her own control

Front 31

Parallel Form Reliability

Back 31

Two test coving the same material with different questions but having the same scores obtained on both tests

Front 32

Deception (must)

Back 32

Be justified by significant value
Not cause significant physical harm or emotional distress
Be explained to the participants as early as possible

Front 33

Basic Research

Back 33

It may be decades before it produces useful application

Front 34

Ceiling Effect

Back 34

If participants do too well on a task to observe meaningful differences in behavior

Front 35

Difference Between Control and Experimental Conditions

Back 35

This supports our hypothesis