Research Methods, Rebecca M.,2/6/2016

Front 1

Reliability

Back 1

the degree to which the procedure will produce the same numerical score each time

Front 2

Internal Validity

Back 2

whether variables are adequately controlled during the experiment

Front 3

External Validity

Back 3

whether the results of the experiment can be generalized outside of the experiment

Front 4

Test-retest reliability

Back 4

the stability of the scores from test to test

Front 5

alternate form reliability

Back 5

alternate forms of a test (Form A and Form B) are the scores the same on parallel forms of the test

Front 6

split-half reliability

Back 6

measure of internal consistency of the test; responses to items on the first half of the test are corrected with responses given to the second half

Front 7

inter judge reliability

Back 7

the extent to which two observers agree in measuring an event

Front 8

intra judge reliability

Back 8

the extent to which the same observer repeatedly measures the same event consistently

Front 9

predictive validity/criterion validity

Back 9

the accuracy with which a test predicts future performance on a related task

Front 10

concurrent validity

Back 10

considered a form of criterion related validity; the degree to which a new test correlates with an established test of known validity

Front 11

construct validity

Back 11

the degree to which test scores are consistent with theoretical constructs or concepts i.e. children should meet the theoretical expectation that as children grow older, their language skills improve.

Front 12

content validity

Back 12

the measure of test validity based on a systematic examination of all test items to determine whether they adequately sample the full range of the skill being tested and are relevant to measuring what the test purports to measure

Front 13

independent variable

Back 13

directly manipulated by the experimenter

Front 14

dependent variable

Back 14

the variable that is affected by manipulation of the independent variable

Front 15

ABA design

Back 15

- the first, A phase during which skills are being measured without intervention (baseline)

- the second, B phase during which the skills are taught (application of independent variable)

- the final, A condition in which treatment is withdrawn

Front 16

ABAB design

Back 16

- the first, A phase during which skills are being measured without intervention (baseline)- the second, B phase during which the skills are taught (application of independent variable)

-the third, A condition in which treatment is withdrawn

- the fourth, and final B phase in which the same treatment is reinstated

Front 17

Ex Post facto research

Back 17

after the fact research; making a retrospective search for causes of events

Front 18

Surveys

Back 18

assess some characteristics of a group or particular society; attempt to discover variables such as attitudes, opinions, or certain social practices are distributed in a population

Front 19

comparative research

Back 19

measuring similarities and differences of groups of people with defined characteristics

Front 20

developmental research

Back 20

measures changes in subjects over time as they mature or get older

Front 21

correlational research

Back 21

investigates relationships or associations between variables

Front 22

internal validity threats

Back 22

- instrumentation: problems that may occur with instruments

- history: life events that may be partially or totally responsible for changes recorded in the dependent variable after the independent variable is introduced

- statistical regression: behavior that goes from an extreme high or low point to an average level

- maturation: biological changes and other kinds of changes within participants themselves

- attrition: the problem of losing participants as an experiment progresses

- testing: change that occurs in a dependent variable simply because it has been measured more than once

- subject selection: subjective factors that influence the selection of who participates in the study

- interaction of factors

Front 23

interval scale

Back 23

numerical scale that can be arranged according to rank orders or levels

Front 24

nominal scale

Back 24

category is present, i.e never, sometimes, or always

Front 25

ordinal scale

Back 25

numerical scale that can be arranged according to rank orders or levels i.e. 1= strongly agree, 2=agree, 3= neutral, 4= disagree, 5= strongly disagree

Front 26

ratio scale

Back 26

the same properties of an interval scale but numerical values must be related to an absolute zero point. zero suggests an absence of the property being measured