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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Construct Validity
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the degree to which a measurement device accurately measures the theoreticle construct it is designed to measure
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Convergent Validity
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the extent to which scores on the measure are related to scores on other measures of the same construct or similar constructs
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Concurrent Validity
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groups of people differ on the measure in expected ways
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Criterion-oriented validity
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relationship between scores on the measure and a criterion or outcome
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Discriminate validity
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scores on the measure are not related to scores on a conceptually unrelated measures
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face validity
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device appears to accurately measure a variable
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internal consistency reliability
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reliability assessed with data collected at one point in time with multiple measures of a psychological construct. A measure is reliable when the multiple measures provide similar results
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Interrater reliability
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the agreement of observations made by two or more raters
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interval scale
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intervals between numbers on the scale are all equal in size
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measurement error
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the degree to which a measurement deviates from the true score value
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nomial scale
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a scale of measurements with two or more categories that have no numerical properties
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ordinal scale
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a scale of measurement in which the measurement categories form a rank order along a continuum
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pearson etc
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interval and ratio data, provides info on strength and direction of relationship
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predictive validity
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assessed by examining the ability if the measure to predict future behavior
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ratio scale
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absolute zero indicating absents of variable
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reactivity
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problem of measurement in which the maesure changes the behavior being observed
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reliability
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degree to which a measurement is consistent
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split-half reliability
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determined by the correlation between scores on half of the items on a measure with scores on the other half of a measure
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test-retest reliability
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determined by the correlation between a measure given at one time with the score of the same measure a second time
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True score
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an individuals actual score on a variable being measured as opposed to the score the individual obtainted on the measure itself
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archival research
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use of existing info for research like stat records, surveys, written records
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case study
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descriptive account of the behavior, past history, and other relevant factors concerning a specific individual
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coding system
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set of rules used to categorize observations
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content analysis
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systematic analysis of the content of written records
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naturalistic observation
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descriptive method in which observations are made in a natural social setting
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negative case analysis
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in field obs. observations do not fit with the explanatroy structure devised by the researcher
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psychobiography
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type of case study in which life of an individual is analyzed using psychological theory
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systematic observation
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observations of one or more specific variables, usually made in precisely defined setting
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Cluster sampling
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clusters are sampled and then all of the individals in the clusters are included in the sample
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Confidence interval
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interval of values within which there is a given level of confidence where the population value lies
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haphazard (convience) sampling
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selecting subjects on basis of avalibility, group not probable
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interview bias
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intentional of unintentional influence exerted be an interviewer
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nonprobability sampling
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type of sampling procedure in which on cannot specify the probability that any member of the population will be included in the sample
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panel study
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in survey research, questioning the same people at two or more points in time
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population
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defined group of individuals from which a sample is drawn
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probability sampling
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one is able to specify the probability that any member or the population will be included in the sample
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quota sampling
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the sample is chosen to reflect the numerical composition of various subgroups
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responce rate
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percentage of people selected for a small sample who actually completed a survey
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responce set
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pattern of individual response to questions on a self-report measure that is not related to the content of the questions
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sampling
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the process of choosing members of a population to be included in a sample
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sampling frame
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individuals or clusters of individuals in a population who might actually be selected for inclusion in the sample
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stratified random sampling
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sampling procedure in which the population is divided into strata followed by random sampling from each stratum
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analysis of covariance
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stat technique to control for the correlation between a subject variable and a dependent variable
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cohort
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group of people born at the same time
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cross-sectional method
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people of different ages are studied at one point in time
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independent groups design
between groups |
experiamnt in which different subjects are assigned to each group
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longtudinal method
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developmental research method in which the same persons are observed repeatedly as they grow older
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matched pairs design
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method of assigning subjects to groups in which pairs of subjects are first matched on some characteristic and then individually assigned randomly
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morality
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loss of subjects who decide to leave a study
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order effect
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the effect that order of introducing treatment has on the dependent variable
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repeated measures design
within subjects |
subjects are assigned to each group
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selection differences
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differences in the type of subjects who make up each group
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sequential method
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combination of the cross-sectional and longitudinal design to study development
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