Research Methodology

Front 1

Critical thinking

Back 1

Statically evaluate information to reach reasonable conclusions

Front 2

Amiable skepticism

Back 2

Opened to new ideas, but wary of new findings is not supported by a scientific evidence and sound reasoning

Front 3

What makes a source credible

Back 3

Based on fact not opinion

Front 4

what counts as evidence

Back 4

Solely based on scientific observation

Not personal stories gut feelings or statements of authority

Front 5

Piaget

Back 5

Commented development occurs in six stages(testable)

Front 6

Freud

Back 6

Dreams represent the fulfillment of an unconscious wish (not testable)

Front 7

Scientific method

Back 7

A systematic procedure for observing and measuring phenomena to answer empirical questions

Front 8

three critical elements

Back 8

Thoery, hypothesis, research

Front 9

variable

Back 9

Something in the world that can vary and that a researcher can Measure, testable

Front 10

Operational definition

Back 10

Identifying and quantifying verbal so they can be measured

Front 11

extremely specific

Back 11

Explain precisely how everything will be manipulated and or measured

Front 12

population

Back 12

Everyone in the group the experimenter is interested in

Front 13

sample

Back 13

A subset of the population

Front 14

Random sampling

Back 14

Everyone population has equal chance of being chosen to participate

Front 15

convenient sampling

Back 15

Using participants who are available to you

Front 16

naturalistic observation

Back 16

passive observation, don't interact in that situation

Front 17

participant observation

Back 17

Active involvement; involved in situations

Front 18

observed bias

Back 18

Two semantic errors in observation that occur because of an observer's expectations

Front 19

correlation studies

Back 19

Examine how variables are naturally related in the world without any attempt by the researcher to alter them.

1. can be positively or negatively related

2. researchers cannot draw casual conclusions from correlation studies

3. correlation does not equal causation

Front 20

correlation studies; Summary

Back 20

Explains how variables are related with no intervention by the Observer.

Front 21

Experiment

Back 21

Study data test casual hypotheses by measuring and manipulating variables

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independent variable

Back 22

The Variable that is manipulated by the experimenter

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dependent variable

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Verbal that is affected by or related to measured

Front 24

third variable

Back 24

When two variables appear to be related to each other but there is another unknown variable (the third variable) that is the real source of the link between the first two variables.

Front 25

Random assignment

Back 25

Involves the assigning participants to conditions

Front 26

Random sampling

Back 26

Involve selecting participants to be an experiment

Front 27

Experimental studies; summary

Back 27

Examine how variables are related when they're manipulated by researchers

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Validity

Back 28

Extent to which study actually measures what it attends to measure

Front 29

reliability

Back 29

Extent to which a measure is stable and constant overtime

1. Can be reliable without being valid

Front 30

internal validity

Back 30

The Degree to which the facts observed and experiment are due to the manipulation (independent)

Front 31

external validity

Back 31

The degree to which the findings of the study generalize to the real world ( do we see them)

Front 32

Standard deviation

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How far away each value is, on average, from the mean

Front 33

positive correlation

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Both variables either increased or decreased together

Front 34

negative correlation

Back 34

As one of variable increases the other decreases