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9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Reliability
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consistent results on repeated measurement occasions
Predictable, same result when tested. Ex: ruler, scale, thermometer. |
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Types of Reliability
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Test: Retest....
Inter-Item: internal consistency consistent questions... not fluctuating between super hard test questions vs. super easy Inter-rater: consistency with observers or judges of reliability |
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Validity
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Accuracy, instrument measures what it is supposed to measure.
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Types of Validity
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1. Face: hitting target with measurement u r using?
2. Content: covers entire range of meanings within a concept: parental monitoring. Does the content accurately and comprehensively capture the underlying construct? 3. Criterion-related: degree to which a measurement instrument relates to another measure of the same variable or a future outcome/behavior. -Concurrent: correlation -Predictive: Predict future outcomes 4. Construct: the degree to which a measure relates to other variables characterizing the same theoretical construct (convergent) and is different from unrelated constructs (discriminant) -should correlate w/ other scales of that construct -no correlation with things that are totally unrelated |
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Triangulation:
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underlying concept same accurate measurement
Probe: tell me more.... |
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Scales, types of scales
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Face to Face
Surveying populations for whom there is no list •Collecting info from people not likely to respond by mail or telephone •Complex questionnaires •Experienced interviewers available •Respondents fill out the questionnaire and send the survey back, usually in an envelope with postage provided the study. •Best when….•Immediate turnaround is not required. •Projects that are low on resources such as $$ and experienced interviewing staff. Computer Assisted: CASI=computer assisted self-interviewing •ACASI=audio-computer assisted self-interviewing •Similar advantages & disadvantages to mail surveys, except audio-CASI can be helpful in low literacy populations •Prevents errors of administration •Good for sensitive questions •Expensive Web/Online Newer method of administration •Often used to conduct polls, for advertising or gathering user information ,etc. •Sampling is problematic due to issues stemming from computer and/or internet access. To address this, some researchers provide households with the necessary equipment if they agree to participate. •Can be created using Survey Monkey or other platforms •The link is disseminated in a similar manner you would for a mail or face to face survey |
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Types of Sampling
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RANDOM/PROBABILITY SAMPLING
1. Cluster: used when large pop. Don’t have a sample frame ex: random select state, city, town, country, etc. schools, students…etc. 2. Systematic: ex: every 3rd person numerical pattern 3. Simple random: totally random. Disadvantage: doesn’t accurately represent demographics, need larger samples 4. Stratified: represents a variety of demographics- divide into categories NON-PROBABILITY: 1. Convenience: ppl near-easy 2.Snowball: existing study subjects recruit future subjects from among their acquaintances 3. Judgment: select pop. Based on choice/appropriate for the study 4. Quota: dividing sample into exclusive groups, using purpose not probability |
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Sample Frame:
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List where you can pick your sample…. Ex: target FHS students… go to FHS classroom
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P value less than .5
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Probability equation = normal distribution
on a scale from 1 to 100 0 to 1 or .5 |
