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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the advantages of research evidence
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logical
systematic transparent reliable useful |
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Describe the steps in the scientific method
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Think of an idea/formulate question
research topic plan your experiment experiment collect and record data come to a conclusion reevaluate and get feedback |
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Ethics in Human Services
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Benefit the target population
be sensitive to their unique needs cause no harm guided by evidence based research |
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Common sources of error
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biased opinion
selective observation missing details inaccurate observation ego involvement, reluctant to change Some definitions: • Inaccurate observation – An observation based on faulty perceptions of empirical reality • Over-generalization – Occurs when we unjustifiably conclude that what is true for some cases is true for all cases • Selective Observation – Choosing to look only at things that are in line with our preferences or beliefs. |
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Straw Man Fallacy
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**when a scientist is attacked because of who they are and not their findings
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Marshmallow study - Delay of Gratification
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A test whether populations of different socioeconomic statuses are given a marshmallow now or they can wait and have two marshmallows later.
Pops. with lower income often chose to eat now vs. higher income waited until later Why: lack of trust? |
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Evidence Based Practice: EBP
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Incorporates client and situation, research evidence, own practice and expertise.
Steps include; Some definitions: • Inaccurate observation – An observation based on faulty perceptions of empirical reality • Over-generalization – Occurs when we unjustifiably conclude that what is true for some cases is true for all cases • Selective Observation – Choosing to look only at things that are in line with our preferences or beliefs. |
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Steps in EBP
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Some definitions:
• Inaccurate observation – An observation based on faulty perceptions of empirical reality • Over-generalization – Occurs when we unjustifiably conclude that what is true for some cases is true for all cases • Selective Observation – Choosing to look only at things that are in line with our preferences or beliefs. |
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Qualitative
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Quality: subjective, interview, focus group, field notes, case studies, identify unique patterns and themes, broad
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Quantitative
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generalizable, test hypothesis, make predictions, measure, large random selection, deductive: conclusive , objective, numerical, controlled conditions,
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Statistical Significance
Mixed methods |
tested and researched a topic and can give evidence based inferences..
mix qual and quant |
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Top down theory
bottom up logic |
use knowledge and expectations to guide processing
Use data collected to piece together a bigger picture |
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Theory
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Logical testable statements aims to formulate a hypothesis
Idea that has been tested, evidence based, model/framework A logical and systematic set of interrelated statements that explain or predict phenomenon and help in understanding the relationships between abstract concepts and variables. |
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Hypothesis:
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tentative, testable, value free statement about the relationship between two variables
Prediction Idea/Guess/Question, tentative statement on something testable, value free |
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Paradigm:
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perspective: way of thinking or seeing the world
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Positivism:
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objective predetermined Q's believe it is empirically correct (based on evidence/research), quantitative
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Constructivism:
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subjective, difficult to determine, qualitative, biases
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Variables:
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Independent: Cause
Dependent: represents outcome or effect Mediating: Why mediates relationship of IV-DV ex: describes mechanism between ( low income = low amount of books = low IQ Moderating: characteristic that affects relationship between IV-DV SES---------IQ another control variable: sex |
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Operationalization:
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connecting concepts to measurement indicators: poverty, relationship quality, problem behavior,
you operationalize concepts with scales of measurement |
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Types of Scales
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Nominal: objects sorted in categories, no order: race, gender, no value
Ordinal: ordered, ranked, Ratio: continuous data, absolute zero Interval: distance between points is meaningful |
