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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is an availability heuristic error?
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Occurs when an interpreter's judgments about the relationship between variables is based on life experiences and related beliefs rather than on research-methods information in a research report.
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What is the most common problem interfering with the interpretation of a behavorial research report?
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An Availability Heuristic error.
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Research suggests that research-report interpretations improve when consumers have?
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1) a set of questions that provide a template for interpreting the report and 2) strategies for answering each of the questions.
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What is an independent variable?
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Some characteristic of the environment or of an individual that might be systematically related to or cause variability in the dependent variable. (behavior of interest depends on what?)
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What is a dependent variable?
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It is an aspect of behavior whose variability the researcher is trying to explain, predict, or control.
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When is it appropriate to conclude that there is statistical significance for the independent and dependent variable relationship?
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When the obtained probability of finding, by chance, a difference between means as large or larger than the one found (obtained p-value) is less than the criterion p-value.
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When does a Type I error occur?
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Type I Error occurs when we decide there is a systematic relationship when, in fact, the true state of nature is that there is no (null) relationship.
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When does a Type II error occur?
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Type II Error occurs when a decision is made that there is not a relationship for the independent and dependent variables when the true state of nature is that there is a systematic relationship.
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What is liklihood confidence?
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If a researcher decides there is no independent-dependent variable relationship when indeed there is none.
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What is external validity?
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The greater the generalizability, the more confident you can be that the study applies to people outside of the study. Is considered a degree and not an either/or issue.
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What is an available group study?
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The participants are simply those who are available to, or convenient for, the researcher.
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What is random sampling?
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Every participant in the population of interest has an equal opportunity of being selected as a participant in the study.
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What is internal validity?
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Differences in the dependent variable are caused by differences in the levels of the independent variable.
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If a study has high internal validity, it is approporiate to conclude?
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Differences between groups were caused by the exposure to different levels of the independent variable.
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What is random assignment? (increases internal validity)
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Each participant in the study has an equal chance of being in each condition of the study.
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What is an experimental study? (High internal validity)
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When the experimenter controls who is assigned to which condition by random assignment, the independent variable is said to be experimental or manipulated.
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What is a correlational or classificatory study? (Low internal validity)
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When assignment to groups is based on some characteristic of the participants, the independent variable is said to be non-manipulated or classificatory.
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