Research Flaschards

Front 1

A-B Design

Back 1

A single subject design consisting of a baseline phase where the IV hasn't been introduced and an intervention phase where the IV was introduced. It doesn't demonstrate a functional relation and susceptible to extraneous variables.

Front 2

A-B-A Design

Back 2

An experimental design consisting of an initial baseline until stable, a treatment condition until behavior changed and steady responding and return to baseline by withdrawing IV to see if responding reverses to levels observed in initial baseline

Front 3

A-B-A-B Design

Back 3

An experimental design consisting of initial baseline, an initial intervention (treatment implemented until behavior has changed adn steady responding), return to baseline, return to intervention to see if initial treatment effects are replicated

Front 4

A-B-C Design

Back 4

An experimental design consisting of a baseline phase, a treatment phase, and a phase with a different treatment.

Front 5

Alternating Treatment Design

Back 5

An experimental design in which 2 or more conditions are presented in rapidly alternation succession (1 phase may be control) independent of level of responding.

Front 6

Applied Research

Back 6

Research designed to solve socially significant problems

Front 7

Arbitrary Matching to Sample

Back 7

Extra Credit:

Front 8

Ascending Trend

Back 8

An increasing data path

Front 9

B-A-B Design

Back 9

A three phase experimental design that begins with the treatment phase (IV), then treatment is withdrawn, and then the treatment (IV) is reintroduced.

Front 10

Baseline

Back 10

A condition of an experiment in which the IV is not present; data obtained in baseline are basis for determining effects of IV- doesn't mean absence of treatment, just absence of specific IV

Front 11

Basic Research

Back 11

Research designed just to determine the function of behavior with no thought for application

Front 12

Behavior

Back 12

Any activity of a living organism that results in a measurable change in atleast 1 aspect of the environment.

Front 13

Changing Criterion Design

Back 13

An experimental design in which an initial baseline phase is followed by a series of treatment phases(IV is present) consisting of successive and gradually changing criteria for reinforcement or punishment. Experimental control is evidenced by the extent the level of responding changes to conform to each new criterion.

Front 14

Confound

Back 14

An uncontrolled factor known or suspected to exert influence on the dependent variable.

Front 15

Continuous Measurement

Back 15

Measurement conducted where all instances of the response class of interest are detected during the observation period

Front 16

Discontinuous Measurement

Back 16

Measurement conducted in which some instances of the response class of interest may not be detected

Front 17

Cumulative Recorder

Back 17

A device that automatically draws cumulative records (graphs) that show the rate of response in real time; each time a response is emitted, a pen moves upward across paper that continuously moves at constant speed

Front 18

Dependent Variable

Back 18

The variable in an experiment measured to determine if it changes as a result of manipulations of the independent variable

Front 19

Descending Trend

Back 19

A decreasing data path

Front 20

Direct Replication

Back 20

An experiment in which the researcher attempts to duplicate exactly the conditions of an earlier experiment

Front 21

Empirical

Back 21

the objective observation of the phenomena of interest

Front 22

Event Recording

Back 22

Measurement procedure for obtaining a count of the number of times a behavior occurs

Front 23

Experiment

Back 23

A carefully controlled comparison of some measure of the dependent variable under two or more different conditions in which only one factor at a time (IV) differs from one condition to the other

Front 24

Experimental Control

Back 24

the extent to which the experimenter has demonstrated a true functional relation and internal validity

Front 25

Experimental Design

Back 25

The particular type and sequence of conditions in a study so that meaningful comparisons of the effects of the presence and absence f the independent variable can be made

Front 26

Experimental Question

Back 26

A statement of what the researcher seeks to learn by conducting the experiment

Front 27

External Validity

Back 27

The degree to which a study's findings have generality to other subjects, settings, and/or behaviors.

Front 28

Extraneous Variable

Back 28

Any aspect of the experimental setting that must be held constant to prevent unplanned environmental variation

Front 29

Frequency

Back 29

the number of times a behavior occurs

Front 30

Functional Relation

Back 30

manipulations of the IV reliably produce changes in the DV and the changes are unlikely due to confounds or extraneous variables

Front 31

Graphing

Back 31

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Front 32

Independent Variable

Back 32

The variable that is systematically manipulated by the researcher in an experiment to see whether changes in the IV produce reliable changes in the DV

Front 33

Interval Validity

Back 33

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Front 34

Inter-Observer Agreement

Back 34

The degree to which two or more independent observers report the same observed values after measuring the same events

Front 35

Irreversibility

Back 35

A situation that occurs when the level of responding observed in a previous phase cannot be reproduced even though the experimental conditions are the same as they were during the earlier phase

Front 36

Latency

Back 36

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Front 37

Multiple Baseline Design

Back 37

An experimental design that begins with the concurrent measurement of two or more behaviors in a baseline condition, followed by the application of the treatment variable to one of the behaviors while baseline conditions remain in effect for the other behaviors. After maximum change has been noted in the first behavior, the treatment variable is applied in sequential fashion to each of the other behaviors in the design

Front 38

Multi-Element Design

Back 38

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Front 39

Partial Interval Recording

Back 39

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Front 40

Percent Correct

Back 40

The number of correct responses divided by the total number of responses multiplied by 100.

Front 41

Permanent Product

Back 41

Permanent record of behavior that can be viewed repeatedly

Front 42

Procedural Integrity

Back 42

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Front 43

Replication

Back 43

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Front 44

Reversal Design

Back 44

Any experimental design in which the researcher attempts to verify the effect of the independent variable by reversing responding to a level obtained in a previous condition

Front 45

Semi-Logarithmic Chart

Back 45

A 2d graph with a logarithmic scaled y axis so that equal distances on the vertical axis represent changes in behavior that are of equal proportion

Front 46

Single-Subject Research Designs

Back 46

Research designs that use baseline logic to demonstrate the effects of the independent variable on the behavior of individual subjects

Front 47

Social Validity

Back 47

Refers to the extent to which target behaviors are appropriate, intervention procedures are acceptable, and important and significant changes in target and collateral behaviors are produced

Front 48

Trend

Back 48

The overall direction taken by a data path

Front 49

Validity

Back 49

The extent to which data obtained from measurement are directly relevant to the target behavior of interest and to the reason for measuring it.

Front 50

Withdrawal Design

Back 50

A-B-A design: experiments in which an effective treatment is sequentially or partially withdrawn to promote the maintenance of behavior changes