Research Exam 1 (Spring Semseter)

Front 1

NAME
these are the building blocks of hypotheses

Back 1

variables

Front 2

variables are the building blocks for (1)

Back 2

hypotheses

Front 3

NAME
this is anything that varies, changes, or has differences

Back 3

variables

Front 4

NAME
something that never chanes is called this

Back 4

constant

Front 5

what is the differ btwn a constant and variable?

Back 5

(1)constant-never changes (2)variables-anything that varies, changes or has differences

Front 6

what are attributes?

Back 6

variables w 2 extermes

Front 7

NAME
these are variables w two extremes

Back 7

attributes

Front 8

the dependent variable is called the (1)

Back 8

O

Front 9

NAME
this is also called the O variable

Back 9

depedent

Front 10

the indepdent variable is also called the (1)

Back 10

x variable

Front 11

the (1)is also called the X variable

Back 11

indepdent

Front 12

what does the O varaible stand for?

Back 12

outcome

Front 13

what is a dependent variable?

Back 13

is the outcome (the result of the manipulation)

Front 14

what is the independent variable?

Back 14

is the treatment (that is manipulated)...doesnt change

Front 15

NAME
these are those things thought to be the cause or bring about a change in other variables

Back 15

independent variable

Front 16

NAME
are those things that changed or affected by the indpedent variable, sometimes through other variables

Back 16

dependent variable

Front 17

T or F
independent variables always become dependent variables in time and space

Back 17

true

Front 18

what happens to independent variables in time and space?

Back 18

they become dependent variables

Front 19

NAME
this is the variable selected by the researcher as the one that defines the solution

Back 19

independent variable

Front 20

NAME
this variable is manipulated by the researcher

Back 20

independent

Front 21

T or F
the dependent variable is manipulated by the researcher

Back 21

false

Front 22

the underlying problem is that students are not acheiving in technical math and the researcher believes the solution is to implememnt a new method of instruction.
(1)what is the X?
(2)what is the O variable

Back 22

(1)independent-new method of instruction (2dependent variable-higher score on math test (3)

Front 23

T or F
in a study you can have two type s of independent variables

Back 23

true

Front 24

what are some types of independent variables? (2)

Back 24

ex the control group vs the treatment or experimental group_

Front 25

NAME
this is the outcome or measured variable of interest

Back 25

dependent variable

Front 26

nAME
this variable is presumed to be dependent on the independent variable

Back 26

dependent variable

Front 27

the observed or measured values of the dependent variable are said to occur bc of the (1)

Back 27

result of the manipulation of the independent variable

Front 28

NAME
this variable is one that defines the solution

Back 28

independent variable

Front 29

NAME
this variable is a result of the manipulation of the independent variable

Back 29

dependent variable

Front 30

NAME
these are simply if then sentences that can be categorized in certain forms

Back 30

hypotheses

Front 31

what are some types of hypotheses? (4)

Back 31

(1)null hypothesis (2)associated difference (3)directionality of difference (non-directional vs directional) (4)magnitude of the difference

Front 32

what is a good hypothesis?

Back 32

is one that implies everything in one sentence

Front 33

what is a null hypothesis?

Back 33

says that their is no difference btwn the groups being measured (no relationship) ex) Ho U1= U2

Front 34

NAME
this says that their is no difference btwn the groups being measured

Back 34

null hypothesis

Front 35

what is a associated difference hypothesis?

Back 35

says that yes, there is a difference btwn the groups being measured (there is a relationship) ex) Ha- U1 cannot equal U2

Front 36

NAME
this says that yes, there is a differ or relationship btwn the groups being measured

Back 36

associated difference hypothesis

Front 37

what is the differ btwn a null hypothesis and associated difference hypothesis?

Back 37

(1)says that their is no difference or relationship ex Ho-u1=u2 (2)associated difference hypothesis-Ha-u1 cannot equal u2

Front 38

NAME HYPOTHESIS
u1=u2

Back 38

null hypothesis

Front 39

NAME HYPOTHESIS
u1-cannot equal u2

Back 39

associated difference hypothesis

Front 40

Associated difference hypothesis is also called the (1)

Back 40

non directional hypothesis

Front 41

(1)is also called the non-directional hypothesis

Back 41

associated difference hypothesis

Front 42

the more specific the hypothesis the more (1)

Back 42

powerful the stats

Front 43

NAME HYPOTHESIS
differences in variable A have no relationship to the difference in variable B

Back 43

null hypothesis

Front 44

NAME HYPOTHESIS
if variable A changes, then Variable B changes, or there is a relationship btwn variable A and variable V or variable A effects variable B

Back 44

associated difference hypothesis

Front 45

when you may your hypothesis more specfic you are engaging in (1)research instead of (2)

Back 45

(1)confirmatory research (2)explatory reserach

Front 46

the more your topic has been researched the more your research will be (1)

Back 46

confirmatory

Front 47

when is exploratory reserach used?

Back 47

only in previously uncharted areas

Front 48

what is one important thing to keep in mind about hypothesis?

Back 48

have define your variables...ex if crime is your dependent variable you need to be very precise in what kind of crime you have in mind ex violent vs nonviolent

Front 49

what kind of directional hypothesis are there?

Back 49

(1)postive relationship (2)inverse relationship

Front 50

what is a posiive relationship?

Back 50

if variable A increases so does B or vi variable A decreases than B does,too

Front 51

what is inverse relationship?

Back 51

if variable A increases B decreases or if variable A decreases B increases

Front 52

what is validity?

Back 52

truthfulness/does it measure what is suspoed to

Front 53

NAME
this is is the extent to which differences in results of the measurements reflect true difference among indvsl on the charcterictic that is susposed to be measured

Back 53

validity

Front 54

what is reliability?

Back 54

the consistency of the study...if you repeat the study will you get the same thing

Front 55

NAME
this is the consistency of the study...if you repeat the study would you get the same thing

Back 55

reliability

Front 56

what are (6)levels of validity?

Back 56

(1)face vailidty (2)pragmatic validty (3)criterion (4)construct validity (5)internal (6)external

Front 57

NAME
these levels include face, pragmatic, criterion, construct, intenral, and external

Back 57

validity

Front 58

T or F
if a measure is valid is has to be reliable

Back 58

false

Front 59

T or F
if a measure is valid it has to be reliable

Back 59

false

Front 60

what is face validity?

Back 60

does it measure appear to measure what it intended to

Front 61

give an ex of face validity?

Back 61

the gonimoter

Front 62

NAME
this is does it measure it appear to measure what is susposed to

Back 62

face validity

Front 63

T or F
only face validity is necessary it is enough

Back 63

false

Front 64

predictive validity is also called (1)

Back 64

pragmatic validity

Front 65

(1)is also called pragmatic validity

Back 65

predictive validity

Front 66

what is pragmatic validity?

Back 66

is when a 2nd meausure is used to assess the validity such as (is it valid when comapred to anther measure)

Front 67

NAME
this is when a 2nd measure is used to asses the validity

Back 67

prgamatic validity

Front 68

Give an ex of pragmatic validity

Back 68

does the GRE predict sucess in college?

Front 69

NAME VALIDITY
does the GRE predict success in college

Back 69

pragamatic

Front 70

NAME VALIDITY
can FIMS level be used to predict d.c

Back 70

pragmatic

Front 71

what is criterion validity?

Back 71

is the measure consistent w other standards

Front 72

NAME VALIDITY
is the measure consistent w otehr standards

Back 72

criterion validity

Front 73

NAME VALIDITY
does the buttoning your shirt meet the same criteria as the peg board test

Back 73

criterion validity

Front 74

give an ex of criterion validity

Back 74

does buttoning your shirt meet the same criteria as the peg board test

Front 75

what is construct validity?

Back 75

does the study have a good foundation

Front 76

NAME VALIDITY
does the study have a good foundation

Back 76

construct valdity

Front 77

NAME VALIDITY
if your construct is actually a family of related ideas buy different ideas you have a problem w this type of valdity

Back 77

construct validity

Front 78

what are (2)types of measurement errors?

Back 78

(1)systematic error (2)random error

Front 79

constructs make uP (1)

Back 79

concepts

Front 80

what is internal validity?

Back 80

refers to the internal consistency of the study...did the researchers do what they suspoed to?

Front 81

NAME
this refers to the internal consistency of the study

Back 81

internal validty

Front 82

what is external validity?

Back 82

refers to the generalzaibiltiy og the results

Front 83

NAME VALIDITY
refers to the generalizability of the results

Back 83

external validity

Front 84

what type of error can you control?

Back 84

systaematic error

Front 85

systematic error is also called the (1)

Back 85

bias error

Front 86

T or F
you can control random erorrs

Back 86

false

Front 87

NAME
this is normal refers to bias

Back 87

systematic error

Front 88

what type of errors do you generally worry mroe about?

Back 88

systematic errors bc they can be prevented

Front 89

NAME
this is the most diffuclt but most important type of validity

Back 89

construct