Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
97 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is research?
|
systematic process of data collection and data analysis for a specific purpose
|
|
|
What is the goal of educational research?
|
to explain, predict, and/or control phenomena
|
|
|
When classified according to purpose, what type of research is illustrated when a computerized algebra program being used at Providence Elementary School is perceived to be an efficient and effective expenditure of district funds?
|
evaluation research
|
|
|
When classified according to purpose, what type of research is illustrated when a researcher is examining the effectiveness of a computer-based algebra program developed around a mastery learning model?
|
basic research
|
|
|
When classified according to purpose, what type of research is illustrated by the question, "How can disciplinary policies be enforced consistently at Luke Middle School?
|
action research
|
|
|
When classified according to approach, what type of research is associated with numerical data and the use of formally stated hypotheses?
|
quantitative research
|
|
|
When classified according to design, what type of research is illustrated by the question, "what kinds of activities typically occur in sixth grade art classes?"
|
descriptive research
|
|
|
When classified according to design, what type of research is illustrated by the question, "What is the relationship between the activities in math classrooms and student grades?"
|
correlational research
|
|
|
When classified by design, what type of research is illustrated by the question, "What is the effect of attending a charter school on student attitude and student achievement?"
|
causal-comparative research
|
|
|
When classified by design, what type of research is illustrated by the question, "What is the effect of teaching with manipulatives v. traditional algorithm approach on students' test scores?"
|
experimental research
|
|
|
When classified by design, what type of research is illustrated by the question, "Why does a sense of failure and hopelessness permeate everything at Jonesboro High School?
|
ethnographic research
|
|
|
What is the major difference between true experimental research and quasi-experimental research?
|
random assignment of subjects to groups
|
|
|
What is the major difference between experimental research and non-experimental research?
|
investigation of causation
|
|
|
In a mixed-method research design, what two components are "mixed?"
|
quantitative and qualitative research
|
|
|
What is a research "problem?"
|
one or more sentences indicating the goal, purpose, or overall direction of a study
|
|
|
What are four general characteristics of a research problem?
|
-implies the possibility of empirical investigation
-identifies a need for the research -provides focus -provides concise overview of research |
|
|
What are the two major ways of stating the research problem?
|
as a problem/purpose statement or as a research question
|
|
|
What is the major difference between a researchable problem and a non-researchable problem?
|
implies the possibility of data collection
|
|
|
What are the characteristics of a qualitative research problem?
|
-general as opposed to specific
-open-ended as opposed to closed -evolving as opposed to static -process oriented as opposed to outcome oriented |
|
|
What three components are included in a well-written problem statement?
|
type of research design, variables of interest, and subjects of study
|
|
|
What type of variable is manipulated? measured?
|
independent variable; dependent variable
|
|
|
What is an extraneous variable?
|
affects the dependent variable but is not controlled by the researcher
|
|
|
What is a hypothesis?
|
a tentative statement of the expected relationship between variables
|
|
|
In a research report, where is the hypothesis written?
|
at the end of the review
|
|
|
What is a statistical hypothesis?
|
a statement of a relationship of difference that can be tested statistically
|
|
|
What is a null hypothesis?
|
a statement that no relationship or no difference exist when tested statistically
|
|
|
What is the general purpose of a literature review?
|
to relate previous research to the current problem being investigated
|
|
|
What is the first recommended step in a literature review?
|
review secondary sources
|
|
|
What are three examples of secondary sources?
|
textbooks, scholarly books, encyclopedias, handouts, yearbooks, reviews, etc.
|
|
|
What is a meta-analysis?
|
quantitative summary of studies investigating the same problem
|
|
|
What is the statistic most often associated with meta-analysis?
|
effect size
|
|
|
What is the second recommended step in a literature review?
|
identify key terms
|
|
|
What database contains abstracts of research reports not published in journals, such as conference papers?
|
resources in education (RIE)
|
|
|
What are primary sources in a literature review?
|
articles that report original research
|
|
|
What is a statistical hypothesis?
|
a statement of a relationship of difference that can be tested statistically
|
|
|
What is a null hypothesis?
|
a statement that no relationship or no difference exist when tested statistically
|
|
|
What is the general purpose of a literature review?
|
to relate previous research to the current problem being investigated
|
|
|
What is the first recommended step in a literature review?
|
review secondary sources
|
|
|
What are three examples of secondary sources?
|
textbooks, scholarly books, encyclopedias, handouts, yearbooks, reviews, etc.
|
|
|
What is a meta-analysis?
|
quantitative summary of studies investigating the same problem
|
|
|
What is the statistic most often associated with meta-analysis?
|
effect size
|
|
|
What is the second recommended step in a literature review?
|
identify key terms
|
|
|
What database contains abstracts of research reports not published in journals, such as conference papers?
|
resources in education (RIE)
|
|
|
What are primary sources in a literature review?
|
articles that report original research
|
|
|
What are referred journals?
|
those in which articles have undergone extensive review by multiple experts prior to publication
|
|
|
What is the most common "connecting word" that narrows a literature review?
|
and
|
|
|
What is the most common "connecting word" that broadens a literature review?
|
or
|
|
|
What is the general organization of a well-written literature review?
|
from least-related to most-related to the problem
|
|
|
Is a literature review organized by topic or author?
|
topic
|
|
|
What four words as presented in class identify the purposes of a literature review?
|
summarize, organize, criticize, and synthesize
|
|
|
What term in research is defined as "the extent to which the results of a study can be reasonably extended from the sample to the population?
|
generalizability
|
|
|
What two words identify the key idea in random sampling?
|
equal and independent
|
|
|
What sampling technique calls for the selecting of subjects so that relevant subgroups in the population are guaranteed representation?
|
stratified random sampling
|
|
|
What sampling technique calls for the selecting of subjects by using groups that have similar characteristics and in which subjects can be found?
|
cluster sampling
|
|
|
What sampling technique calls for the selecting of every Kth subject from a list of the members of the population?
|
systematic sampling
|
|
|
What sampling techniques calls for the selection of participants based on their availability?
|
convenience sampling
|
|
|
What sampling technique calls for the selection of participants based on the researcher's experience and knowledge of the individuals being sampled?
|
purposeful sampling
|
|
|
What sampling technique calls for the selection of participants based on the exact characteristics of individuals in the sample when it is impossible to list all members of the population?
|
quota sampling
|
|
|
What is the greatest problem with any non-probability sampling technique?
|
generalizability
|
|
|
What is the term in research defined as "the difference between the "true" results and the "observed" result that can be attributed to using samples rather than populations?
|
sampling error
|
|
|
As a rule of thumb, what is the minimum sample size for experimental research studies?
|
30(15 per group)
|
|
|
As a rule of thumb, what is the minimum number of response for survey research studies?
|
250
|
|
|
As a rule of thumb, what is the minimum number of responses for correlational research studies?
|
30
|
|
|
As a rule of thumb, what is the minimum return percentage for survey research studies?
|
60%
|
|
|
What measurement scale refers to ordered categories, such as class rank?
|
ordinal scale
|
|
|
What measurement scale has an absolute zero, such as time and weight?
|
ration scale
|
|
|
What type of test has scores which are interpreted relative to a predetermined level of performance?
|
criterion-referenced test
|
|
|
What affective scale is the most popular in educational research?
|
Likert Scale
|
|
|
What test characteristic is defined as "the extend a test measures what it is supposed to measure?"
|
validity
|
|
|
What test characteristic is defined as "the degree to which a test consistently measures whatever it is measuring?
|
reliability
|
|
|
What source of test information provides factual data on all known tests, providing objective reviews?
|
Mental Measurement Yearbooks (MMY)
|
|
|
What type of survey collects data at two or more times to measure change?
|
longitudinal survey
|
|
|
What type of survey collects data from several samples at one point in time?
|
cross-sectional survey
|
|
|
What type of non-experimental research establishes relationships or makes predictions?
|
correlational research
|
|
|
What two points identify the range of a correlation coefficient?
|
-1.0 to +1.0
|
|
|
What statistical test, as presented in class, determines the relationship between two variables?
|
Pearson r
|
|
|
What non-experimental research design attempts to determine the cause for preexisting differences in groups of individuals?
|
causal-comparative research
|
|
|
What is the main purpose of experimental research designs?
|
to test cause and effect relationships
|
|
|
What are the two major characteristics of experimental designs?
|
manipulation of the independent variable and control of the extraneous variables
|
|
|
What term in research is defined as "the researcher's efforts to remove the influence of any extraneous variable that might have an effect on the dependent variable?
|
internal validity
|
|
|
What are the three major means by which a researcher can achieve control?
|
-randomization
-matching -comparing homogeneous groups |
|
|
What is the major difference between a true experimental design and a quasi-experimental design?
|
randomization of subjects
|
|
|
What are the three major true experimental research designs?
|
-pretest-postest control group design
-posttest only control group design -Solomon four-group comparison design |
|
|
What are the three quasi-experimental research designs?
|
-non-equivalent control group design
-time series design -counterbalanced design |
|
|
What are six threats to internal validity?
|
history, selection, maturation, pretesting, instrumentation, statistical regression, diffusion of treatment, etc.
|
|
|
In experimental notation, what does the "R" indicate? the "O?" the "X?" the "A?"
|
randomization (R)
observation (test) (O) treatment (X) group (A) |
|
|
What are the major means of central tendency?
|
mean, median, and mode
|
|
|
Which measure of central is most sensitive to extreme scores?
|
mean
|
|
|
Which measure of variability is the difference between the highest score and the lowest score?
|
range
|
|
|
Which measure of variability is the average distance of the scores from the mean?
|
standard deviation
|
|
|
What is the purpose of inferential statistics?
|
to draw inferences about a population on the basis of an estimate from a sample
|
|
|
What is another term for statistical hypothesis which says there is no difference between groups or no relationship between variables?
|
null hypothesis
|
|
|
What term in research is defined as "the probability of being wrong in rejecting the null hypothesis?
|
level of significance
|
|
|
What type of error is indicated by rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true?
|
Type I error
|
|
|
What are the three most common levels of significance used in educational research?
|
.01, .05, and .001
|
|
|
What inferential statistical test of significance is used to compare the means of two groups?
|
t-test
|
|
|
What inferential statistical test of significance is used to compare the means of three or more means?
|
analysis of variance (ANOVA)
|
