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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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WHY IS RESEARCH NECESSARY? 5 reasons.
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Systematically build knowledge and test treatment efficacy,
Impact health policy and service delivery; Participate in research activities, Enhance understanding of daily practice Become a critical consumer of research literature |
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Systematically build knowledge and test treatment efficacy is to...
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advance body of knowledge about human experience and behavior and validate or determine the effectiveness of different practices
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Impact health policy and service delivery is to...
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inform legislators and regulatory bodies about the best health and human service policies and delivery models
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Participate in research activities because...
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many environments require research to establish and maintain service delivery methods where outcomes are assessed and (statistical) reports are required
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What is Epistemology?
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Epistemology is a branch of philosophy that addresses the nature of knowledge and how one comes to know.
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To enhance understanding of daily practice one must...
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take baseline assessments of the current situation, introduce strategies to improve service, and then reassess outcomes using the same functional approach
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Become a critical consumer of research literature because...
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understanding research will provide the necessary skills to determine the adequacy of research outcomes and their implications for daily practice
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WHAT IS RESEARCH?
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Broad definition…”includes any type of investigation that uncovers knowledge” (p. 6)
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WHAT IS RESEARCH? By Kerlinger
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More restrictive, offered by Kerlinger… “systematic, controlled, empirical, and critical investigation of natural phenomena guided by theory and hypotheses about the presumed relations among such phenomena” (p. 6)
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WHAT IS RESEARCH? By Author
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Authors’ definition... “research is multiple, systematic strategies to generate knowledge about human behavior, human experience, and human environments in which the thinking and action processes of the researcher are clearly specified so that they are logical, understandable, confirmable, and useful” (p. 6)
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RESEARCH AS THINKING AND ACTION PROCESSES (Definitions)
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Thinking Processes:logical thought processes of research that involve deductive, inductive, or abductive thinking; including identifying a philosophical foundation and theoretical framework, framing a question or query, substantiating the research approach, and developing a design structure (these steps are follow for team project this quarter)
Action Processes:set of actions that researchers follow to implement a design; include setting boundaries of the study, collecting and analyzing information, and reporting and disseminating study findings (these steps carried out in community class) |
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Research reflects...
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... a broad range of strategies that are systematically implemented.
Research is not just hypothesis testing. Recognize legitimacy of many distinct types of investigative strategies |
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Deductive reasoning (theory testing): primarily used by experimental-type researchers; involves...
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moving from a general principle to understanding a specific case; hypotheses are derived and then formally tested; researcher begins with the acceptance of a general principle or belief to explain a phenomenon and applies to an approach that involves “drawing out” or verifying what is already accepted as true; pre-established data collection technique(s); concepts are tested based on application to discrete phenomena
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A) RESEARCH AS MULTIPLE SYSTEMATIC STRATEGIES
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Naturalistic inquiry (qualitative):
Experimental-type (quantitative) research: Authors propose that both types of research strategies are equal in importance. |
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Inductive reasoning (theory generating): primarily used by researchers who work within a naturalistic framework; involves ...
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moving from a specific case to a broader generalization about phenomenon under study; general rules evolve or develop from individual cases or from observation of a phenomenon; researcher searches for general rules or patterns; no accepted “truth” before the study begins; variety of data collection techniques; concepts are developed based on repetition of patterns; perspective is holistic
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Abductive reasoning: used in naturalistic inquiry; process involves...
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the development of new theoretical propositions that account for a set of observations which cannot be accounted for or explained by a previous proposition or theoretical framework; data are analyzed for their own patterns and concepts
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Naturalistic inquiry (qualitative):
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wide array of research approaches characterized by a focus on understanding and interpreting human experience within the context in which experience occurs; naturalistic inquiry tends to be idiographic
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RESEARCH AS FOUR BASIC CHARACTERISTICS
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Logical
Understandable Confirmable Useful |
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idiographic:
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focuses on specific phenomena in a context and seeks to highlight the complexity of the phenomenon; pertaining to uniqueness of individuals
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Logical:
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thinking and action processes of a research study are clear, rational, and conform to accepted norms of deductive, inductive, or abductive reasoning
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Experimental-type (quantitative) research:
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range of designs characterized by a focus on prediction and hypothesis testing; experimental approaches are often nomothetic
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Understandable:
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the process, the study outcomes, and its conclusions need to be explicit, make sense, be precise, be intelligible, and be credible to the reader or research consumer
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nomothetic:
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referring to group characteristics
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Confirmable:
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researcher clearly and logically identifies the strategies used so others can follow the path of analysis and arrive at similar outcomes/conclusions
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Useful:
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knowledge derived should inform/enhance professional service and improve client outcomes
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TEN ESSENTIALS OF RESEARCH
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1) IDENTIFY A PHILISOPHICAL FOUNDATION
2) FRAME A RESEARCH PROBLEM 3) DETERMINE SUPPORTING KNOWLEDGE 4) IDENTIFY A THEORY BASE 5) DEVELOP A SPECIFIC QUESTION OR QUERY 6) SELECT A DESIGN STRATEGY 7) SET STUDY BOUNDARIES 8) OBTAIN INFORMATION 9) ANALYZE INFORMATION AND DRAW CONCLUSIONS 10) SHARE AND USE RESEARCH KNOWLEDGE |
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Philosophical foundation:
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formal belief system guiding the research approach
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Determine personal assumptions/orientation:
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one must examine their own biases and understand how one learns about human experience
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Researchers background guide learning/discovery process:
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researchers may prefer to pursue experimental-type, naturalistic research, or a combination
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FRAME A RESEARCH PROBLEM
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Identify broad topic or problem area: determine a purpose for research
Identify an area that holds personal interest to you: topic should “grab” you |
