Research And Eval

Front 1

Explain the difference and or similarities between quantitative and qualitative research? Specifically, address the role of the literature citing two differences

Back 1

•At the beginning of the study, quantitative research discusses literature extensively whereas qualitative research discusses the literature but not extensively.
•Quantitative research examines the literature to justify the importance of the research problem for the study’s purpose similar to qualitative research.
•Quantitative research examines the literature to both justify the importance of the research problem and provide rationale for the study’s purpose whereas qualitative research only aims to justify or document the need for the study.
•At the end of the study, quantitative research confirms or disconfirms prior predictions from the literature whereas qualitative research supports or modifies existing findings in literature.

Front 2

Hypotheses are statements used in quantitative and qualitative research to make a prediction about the outcome of relationships between attributes or characteristics.

Back 2

False

Front 3

A quantitative or qualitative research report should include _____________.

1.Research problem
2.Data collection
3.Data analysis or interpretation
4.B & C
5.e. All of the above

Back 3

All of the above.

Front 4

1.True or False: In a quantitative study the literature review is discussed extensively at the beginning of the study.

Back 4

True

Front 5

1.True or False: The key parts usually found in an abstract for a qualitative study include: 1) the research problem, 2) research questions, 3) data collection procedure, and 3) findings.

Back 5

True.

Front 6

1.Which of the following may notbe involved in a quantitative study?1.Hypotheses
2.Independent Variable
3.Dependent Variable
4.Emergent Processes

Back 6

Emergent process

Front 7

1.) Identify the six steps in the process of Research as identified in Ch.1 (Short Answer)

Back 7

A.) Identifying a research problem

B.) Reviewing the literature

C.) Specifying a purpose for research

D.) Collecting data

E.) Analyzing and interpreting the data

F.) Reporting and evaluating research

Front 8

What does it mean to have a “deficiency in the evidence” and what are the implications for a research problem?

Back 8

a.) Past literature or practical experiences does not adequately address the research problem

b.) Solutions that are effective and plausible have not been found yet, meaning there is more research needed. This will help further research as you summarize what went wrong.

Rationale: Understanding the deficiencies in research allow for a more robust study to be created and analyzed. When we understand and identify the gaps in the research, we know where to begin our own study. This is vital as to not repeat same findings, but to contest and/or find new evidences of your own.

Front 9

What are the purposes and differences of a Literature Review in a quantitative and qualitative research study?

Back 9

A.) Quantitative: amount of literature is substantial, it justifies and documents the need, provides rationale, and confirms or disconfirms prior predictions

B.) Qualitative: Amount of literature is minimal need, justifies the need for the study and supports or modifies existing findings in the literature.

Front 10

1.One way that qualitative and quantitative research differs is in the role of the literature review. Discuss the differences in extent and use of the literature review in both qualitative and quantitative studies.

Back 10

In qualitative studies the literature review is often shorter, rationalizes the need for the study, and serves to back previous findings. In quantitative studies the literature review tends to be longer, provides a direct hypothesis in addition to rationalizing the need for further study, and seeks to corroborate the hypothesis developed by the literature.

Front 11

2. Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of using the Internet as a resource for your literature review?

a. Potential plagiarism
b. Lack of peer review
c. Outdated information
d. Lack of available full texts

Back 11

C, Internet searches can provide the most current research, also known as early stage literature.

Front 12

3. Identify whether each of the following is an example of a variable or a construct.

a. Intelligence
b. Average graduation rates
c. Percentage of students with disabilities enrolled in postsecondary institutions
d. Teacher Effectiveness
e. Aggression

Back 12

: a. Construct, b. Variable, c. Variable, d. Construct, e. Construct

Front 13

Which of the following is not a characteristic of Quantitative Research according to our class text?

A) Collecting numeric data from a large number of people using instruments with preset questions and responses

B) Analyzing trends, comparing groups, or relating variables using statistical analysis, and interpreting results by comparing them with prior predictions and past research

C) Analyzing the data for description and themes using text analysis and interpreting the larger meaning of the findings

Back 13

C

Front 14

True/False. If the answer is false, make the statement true in the space provided. Exploring a problem is a characteristic of quantitative research.

Back 14

False. Correction Possibilities (2): (a) Exploring a problem is a characteristic of qualitative research, or (b) Explaining or predicting relations among variables is a characteristic of quantitative research (Reference text page 63).

Front 15

Short Response (1-5 sentences). What is the “central phenomenon” and how does it relate to qualitative research?

Back 15

The central phenomenon is the concept or a process explored in qualitative research. The central phenomenon is a central component of both the purpose statement and the research questions in qualitative research (Reference text page 129). One can consider the central phenomenon to be a single variable that you would like to explore (if they are looking at the differences between qualitative and quantitative research) (Reference text page 130).

Front 16

What are the the six steps that make up the process of research?

Back 16

identifying a research problem

2. Reviewing the literature

3. Specifying a purpose for research

4. Collecting data

5. Analyzing and interpreting data

6. Reporting and evaluating research

Front 17

T or F Characteristics of quantitative research include: grounded theory, narrative, and ethnography.

Back 17

False

Front 18

What are the 5 steps for completing a literature review?

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Back 18

Identifying key terms

2. Locate literature


3. Critically evaluate and select the literature

4. Organize the literature

5. Write a literature review

Front 19

True or False: According to Creswell a primary difference between quantitative and qualitative research is that quantitative research identifies a research problem based upon trends in a given field, while qualitative research is best suited to address a research problem in which exploration is needed and variables are unknown.

Back 19

True

Front 20

1.Please list three differences between the extent of literature used in quantitative and qualitative research.

Back 20

1) The amount of literature cited at the beginning of the study varies between quantitative and qualitative research, being that quantitative research lists substantial literature at the beginning of a study, while qualitative research most generally lists more minimal literature.
2) While both quantitative and qualitative research use literature at the beginning of the study to justify the need for the study in question, in quantitative research the literature provides a rationale for the direction of the study.
3) The use of literature at the end of the study in quantitative research confirms or disconfirms prior predictions from the literature while in qualitative research the literature at the end of the study supports or modifies existing findings in the literature.

Front 21

3. True or false, you locate independent variables in purpose statements, research questions, and hypotheses?

Back 21

True: Independent variables are located in purpose statements, research questions and hypotheses. To find them you should look for the variable that will influence or predict the outcome.

Front 22

2. What is important to remember about ethics in research?

A. Individuals who will read your research study
B. The rights of participants
C. Research sites
D. All of the above
E. None of the above

Back 22

D. All of the above.

Front 23

All quantitative research problems require explanation as to how one variable
affects another variable.

Back 23

False

Front 24

. In quantitative research ______________________________________________________________
a. the research problem discussion is typically used to establish the importance of the central
idea.

b. use an open-ended approach in which the researcher asks general questions of the
participants.

c. the investigators rely on statistical analysis of the data.

d. the reporting format may use a more literary opening with personal vignettes or passages,
quotes from participants, and personal reflections from the researcher.

Back 24

c. the investigators rely on statistical analysis of the data.

Front 25

Exploring a problem is a characteristic of qualitative research. Below, list four additional
characteristics of qualitative research

Back 25

Student responses may vary. Examples responses provided.
1. Learning the views of individuals or participants.
2. Assess a process over time.
3. Generate theories based on participant perspectives.
4. Obtaining detailed information about people or the research site.

Front 26

1.Choose 3 research designs that are associated with qualitative and quantitative research and describe the main purpose of each.

Back 26

Experimental – A procedure in quantitative research where the investigator determines whether or not certain variables make an impact in results for participants usually done by presenting one set of activities to one group and withholding the activities from another group.



Correlational – A procedure in quantitative research in which the investigator measures the relationship between two or more variables using a statistical analysis.



Survey – A procedure in quantitative research in which a survey or questionnaire is administered to a group of people to identify trends in a population.



Grounded Theory – A qualitative procedure that researchers use to generate an explanation of an interaction among people that involves collecting data, developing themes, and presenting the information in a visual sense.



Ethnographic – A qualitative procedure that describe or interpret a culture group’s shared pattern of behavior, beliefs, and language.



Narrative – A qualitative procedure in which researchers collect information and stories about individuals’ lives and describe them by providing a written narrative of their experience.



Mixed Methods – A procedure for collecting, analyzing, and mixing both quantitative and qualitative in a single study or a multiphase of studies.



Action – systematic procedure used by teachers to collect quantitative and qualitative data to address improvements in their educational setting, teaching, and learning of the students.



-Showing knowledge of the different kinds of research designs improves the likelihood that students will understand future articles read by the student, as well as helping the student become more familiar with the possibilities available to them in the sense of which research design will be most beneficial to them and the research they want to conduct.

Front 27

1.Sally wants to learn more about the Bomboya flower in the Amazon rainforests. Recently the percentage of Bomboya flowers have decreased from making it the most populated flower to a species of flora that is nearing extinction. Sally wants to identify the factors contributing to the extinction in hopes of bring awareness to the public. If Sally wanted to write a research proposal, what would she label the research problem as?


1.The Bomboya Flower in the Amazon Rainforest.
2.Identifying factors that contribute to the Bomboya flower’s extinction.
3.Decreased population percentages of the Bomboya flower.
4.What factors are decreasing the flower’s population.
5.Is the Bomboya flower even a species of flora in the Amazon.

Back 27

C. Decreased population percentages of the Bomboya flower.

Front 28

1.True or False…

Qualitative approaches use more closed-ended approaches in which the researcher identifies set response categories, whereas quantitative approaches use more open-ended approaches in which the inquirer asks general questions of participants.

Back 28

False: Qualitative approaches are more open-ended whereas quantitative approaches are more closed-ended

Front 29

1. When reporting and evaluating quantitative research, the author of a research study should follow which order?
a. Introduction, results, discussion, and methods
b. Introduction, literature review, methods, results, and discussion
c. Introduction, literature review, results, methods, and discussion
d. Introduction, discussion, methods, results, and literature review

Back 29

B

Front 30

2. When conducting a qualitative research project, the author should focus heavily on the literature review when highlighting the research question. True or False

Back 30

False

Front 31

3. ___________ could be used as an instrument for data collection in a quantitative study.
a. Standardized tests
b. Survey questionnaires
c. Observations
d. All of the Above

Back 31

D

Front 32

1. Identify strengths of a quantitative method used to study social science such as education research problems and give an example of what a research study using these methods might suggest (circle letter identifying correct statement):
a. The use of literature as a major role in identifying the purpose statement or hypotheses
b. The use of literature as a minor role in identifying the purpose statement or hypotheses
c. Allows for a study involving a greater number of variables and enhances the role of the researcher as a reflective researcher
d. Allows for intervention research
e. The researcher may construct a situation that eliminates the confusing influence of
numerous variables by following a predictable pattern in reporting and applying rigorous, impartial data collection procedures

Back 32

1. A, D & E
Study Example: Experimental Design - The classroom teacher wants to determine if buddy reading 15 minutes a day influences the reading level of identified slow readers. He/she will collect data over a specific time period and compare to students with and without a reading buddy over the same time period. This idea was shared during a department meeting as described in an educational journal. The hope is data will prove this as a positive intervention strategy in the classroom.

Front 33

3. True or False – The front end of a qualitative research study includes a minimum of research to justify the significance of the research phenomenon.

Back 33

True

Front 34

According to the text, which of the following can be used to justify the importance of a research problem?
1.Personal Experiences with an issue or subject
2.Experiences others have had in the workplace
3.Findings from other research literature
4.All of the above

Back 34

All of the above

Front 35

Indicate whether the following statement is true or false:
“All research is evaluation but not all evaluation is research.”
1.True
2.False

Back 35

False

Front 36

According to the text, what are the five steps in conducting a literature review? List the steps and briefly describe what they entail.

Back 36

Identifying key terms- Select terms that describe the research problem area
2). Locate literature – Search through library catalogs and find previous research articles that are related to the research problem area.
3). Critically evaluate and select the literature – Not all literature found will be appropriate for the current research purpose. The research must be analyzed and evaluated to determine its fit within the current research problem and whether or not the research was well constructed and realized.
4). Organize the literature – Invariably the research found during the literature searches will have common themes that can be used to group studies and show the depth and breadth of past research in the subject area.
5). Write a literature review – This review should summarize the literature either study by study, or in a thematic fashion whichever is more appropriate to the current study design.

Front 37

.) A narrative hook is defined as a statement that serves the important function of drawing the reader into a study. What four types of information that form a convincing narrative hook does Creswell mention in the text?



a.) Type 1

b.) Type 2

c.) Type 3

d.) Type 4

Back 37

Statistical Data (Ex: Percentages)

2.) A Provocative Question (Ex: Why would one therapeutic technique work well for all cultures if we are all so different?)

3.) A clear need for research (Ex: Since so many cultures exist in any given city in the U.S., it is essential that testing be done to see what techniques are compatible with which cultures)

4.) The intent or purpose of the study (Ex: The intent of this study is to examine how clients construe the therapeutic alliance)

Front 38

2.) In one sentence, describe what each of the following types of Research Designs entails.
1.Correlational
2.Survey
3.Grounded Theory
4.Ethnographic
5.Narrative
6.Mixed Methods
7.Action

Back 38

Correlational: a study that measures the degree of association between two or more variables

b.) Survey: a quantitative type of research that administers a questionnaire or survey to a small group of people in order to identify characteristics, attitudes, behaviors, etc.

c.) Grounded Theory: composed of a visual model that portrays a generalized explanation of an action

d.) Ethnographic: qualitative procedures that describe, analyze, and interpret a cultural group’s shared patterns of behavior, beliefs and language (pg. 21)

e.) Narrative: this type of research design examines people’s life stories and tells them through their own words to shed light on the research topic

f.) Mixed Methods: utilizes a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods of research to address the overall issue

g.) Action: systematic procedures often used by teachers to gather quantitative/qualitative data to address improvements needed in the classroom

Front 39

True or False: The Research Problem and the Research Question are essentially the same thing.

Back 39

a Research Problem is an issue you see in the world that needs to be addressed. The Research Question acts as a guide on how to investigate a possible solution to that Research Problem.

Front 40

Which of the following is not a step in the research process?
1.Using personal experience to identify a research problem
2.Collecting, analyzing and interpreting the data
3.Reporting findings of the study only with a select group of colleagues
4.Conducting a literature review

Back 40

C

Front 41

True or False

All evaluation is research, but not all research is evaluation.

Back 41

True

Front 42

In considering if /should a problem be researched, Creswell writes one must take into account their time, available resources, and skill. Reflect on these three factors, deciding which one(s) propose the most challenge to your research efforts and how you plan to overcome those particular challenges.

Back 42

answers will vary based on the participant’s own reflection. Answer needs to include acknowledgement of the challenge, the rationale behind the challenge, and the steps the student is conducting to overcome the limitation.

Front 43

1. The Core Elements of research are:
A. Pose a question, collect data to answer the question, present and answer to the question
B. Add to our knowledge, improve practice, inform policy debates
C. Reviewing the literature, analyzing and interpreting the data, reporting and evaluating research

Back 43

A

Front 44

Do professors that use a discussion-based curriculum have more students that achieve higher exam scores than professors that use a purely cognitive, lecture-based curriculum?

A. Student's grades

B. Professor's teaching approach

C. Discussion-Based Lecture

D. Cognitive, Lecture-Based curriculum

E. None of the above

Back 44

B

Front 45

The literature review section of a research paper is not different for qualitative and quantitative designs on which level?

A. In the amount that is cited at the beginning of the study

B. In the use of the literature at the beginning of the study

C. In the amount that is cited at the end of the study

D. In the use of the literature at the end of the study

Back 45

C

Front 46

4, Specifying a Purpose and Research Question or Hypotheses, identifies five differences between quantitative and qualitative research questions and purpose statements . You are compiling ideas for research and decide to choose a qualitative research design. List two of the five elements included in conducting qualitative research and create your own qualitative purpose statement below.

Back 46

The differences must include two of the five elements below:

1. Qualitative research focuses on the use of research questions rather than hypotheses.

2. Qualitative research does not use the term variable. In qualitative data, the researcher focuses on gathering information on a single concept (phenomena).

3. Qualitative research does not test theories. In qualitative data, researchers ask participants to share ideas and construct themes based on the ideas.

4. Qualitative research is open-ended and the phenomena/concept is changing during the study or it emerges through the study based off of the responses of the participants. (inductive)

5. Qualitative research does not compare groups or relate variables. Qualitative researchers seek to understand, in depth, the views of a single group or individuals.