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22 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
distance out of alignment of the rods
In psychology lab, Tetiana is conducting an experiment on depth perception using the Howard-Dolman box. Inside the box are two vertical rods and a horizontal ruler. The participant manipulates the rods until they appear to be aligned at the same distance away, then the experimenter measures how far out of alignment they are. There are three conditions: left eye only, right eye only, and both eyes. Tetiana is using a repeated measures design. What is the dependent variable in this experiment?
All participants in the 2-minute condition are tested at 8:00a.m., those in the 5-minute condition are tested at noon, and those in the 10-minute condition are tested at 4:00 p.m.
In a word list-learning experiment, participants are given a list of words to study for 3 minutes and then, following a delay, are asked to recall the list. The length of time between the study period and the recall is being manipulated: it is 2 minutes, 5 minutes, or 10 minutes. Which of the following is a confounding variable?
a. All participants in the 2-minute condition are tested at 8:00a.m., those in the 5-minute condition are tested at noon, and those in the 10-minute condition are tested at 4:00 p.m.
b. The same list is used for each condition and is randomized for each participant.
c. The three groups are run simultaneously in three different rooms, and the room for each condition is randomly chosen before each
group arrives.
d. Three different experimenters administer the task and rotate which condition they are administering.
checking for statistical significance
Which of the following is not a method to interrogate construct validity in an experimental design?

pilot studies
checking for statistical significance
manipulation checks adding additional conditions
statistical
In a business class experiment on the endowment effect, Theo is comparing the value of a coffee mug to someone who owns it and is selling it to someone who is buying it. The endowment effect describes the tendency of sellers to value something they own more than buyers do. Participants are randomly assigned to be buyers or sellers of a mug with their first name on it. Buyers select the maximum price they would pay for the mug. Sellers select the minimum price they would accept. Which validity is concerned with the significance of the difference in the prices?
elimination of practice effects
Which of these is not an advantage of within-groups designs?

elimination of practice effects
assurance of equivalence of the groups
requirement of fewer participants
more statistical power
posttest only
What design is an experiment in which participants are randomly assigned to independent variable groups then tested on the dependent variable once?
selection effect
In a word list-learning experiment, participants are given a list of words to study for 3 minutes and then, following a delay, are asked to recall the list. The length of time between the study period and the recall is being manipulated: it is 2 minutes, 5 minutes, or 10 minutes. Since different groups need different amounts of time, the first 25 participants who arrive are assigned to the 10-minute group, the next 25 are assigned to the 5-minute group, and the final 25 are assigned to the 2-minute group. What confound does this create?
selection
which of these does not need to be considered as an alternative explanation of the results in a within-groups design experiment

Fatigue
Selection
Practice
Boredom
the number of objects
In a study of the span of apprehension, or how many objects you can assess (report seeing) after a brief exposure, the length of exposure is held constant and the number of objects is varied, from one to twelve. After a large number of trials, the percentage correct for each number of objects is found. What is the independent variable?
control
What type of group is a level of the independent variable that is intended to represent a neutral condition?
covariance
rule of causation: is the causal variable related to the effect variable? That is, are the levels of the independent variable associated with distinct levels of the dependent variable
temporal precedence
rule of causation: does the causal variable come before the effect variable in time?
internal validity
rule of causation: are there alternative explanations for the results?
confounds
threats to internal validities
selection effect
occurs in an experiment when the kinds of participants at one level of the independent variable are systematically different from the kinds of participants at the other level of the independent variable
independent-groups design/between-subjects designs
when different groups of participants are placed into different levels of the independent variable
within-groups design
when there is only one group of participants and each participant is presented with all levels of the independent variable
posttest only
independent-group design: participants are randomly assigned to the independent variable groups and are tested on the dependent variable once
pretest/posttest
independent-group design: participants are randomly assigned to at least two groups and are tested on the key dependent variable twice-once before and once after exposure to the independent variable
concurrent-measures design
within-group design: participants are exposed to all the levels of an independent variable at roughly the same time, and a single attitudinal or behavioral preference is the dependent measure
repeated-measures designs
within-group design: participants are measured on a dependent variable more than once-that is, after exposure to each level of the independent variable
counterbalancing
when researchers present the levels of the independent variable to participants in different orders