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78 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Elevation of adipose tissue covered by skin and pubic hair which cushions the symphysis pubis |
Mons Pubis |
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Covered by pubic hair, contains adipose tissue, sebaceous, and apocrine glands |
Labia major |
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Skin fold devoid (free of) of pubic hair or fat, has sebaceous glands |
Labia minora |
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Cylindrical mass of erectile tissue localized in the anterior junction of the labia minora |
Clitoris |
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Region between labia minor within the hymen and contain the opening ducts of several glands |
Vestibule |
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Occupies the greater portion of the vestibule and is bordered by the hymen |
Vaginal orifice |
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Diamond shape area medial to thighs and buttocks in both sexes containing the external genitalia and anus. |
Perineum |
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Localized posterior to the clitoris and anterior to the vagina orifice. - On both side are the opening of the Paraurethral (Skene) glands which secretes mucus. |
External urethral orifice |
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Ducts open between hymen and labia minora producing mucus during sexual intercourse for lubrication. |
Greater vestibular glands (Bartholin's) |
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Paired intra pelvic organ, supported inside the pelvic cavity |
Ovaries
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Ovaries are supported by (3) |
- Broad ligament - Mesovarium - Suspensory ligament |
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Layer of simple epithelium which covers the surface of the ovary - its a misnomer since lacks germinal cells ** |
Germinal epithelium |
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Capsule of dense fibrous tissue below the germinal epithelium |
Tunica albuginea |
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Dense connective tissue which contains the ovarian follicles |
Ovarian cortex |
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Deep region in the ovarian cortex with loose CT which harbors the blood vessels, lymphatics and nerves |
Ovation medulla |
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Lie within the ovarian cortex and consists of oocytes and the surrounding cells |
Ovarian follicles
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If arranged as a single layer around oocyte termed _____ cells In later stages, when several layers are formed its referred to as ____ cells |
- Follicular, granulosa |
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Nourish the developing oocytes and begin production of estrogen as the follicle develops |
Granulosa cells |
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Large fluid filled follicle that is prepared for the release of the secondary oocyte (ovulation) |
Mature follicle (Graffian) |
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Corpus luteum (yellow body) are remnants of ovulated mature follicle which produces (4) until its turned into fibrous tissue called corpus albicans. |
progesterone, estrogen, relaxin and inhibin
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Before birth, most primordial cells will die through ____ and the remaining will develop into the primary oocyte but developing process is halted until ____ |
atresia, puberty |
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At birth 200,000 - 2,000,000 oogenia remains of which only ___ will mature and ovulate duringthe reproductive time |
400 |
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As the primary oocyte matures, a _____ accumulates between them and the granulose cells space called zone pellucida |
glycoprotein |
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The innermost layer of granulose cells form the ____ ___ |
corona radiata |
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The outermost layer of the granulose cells separates from surrounding stroma by the ___ ____ |
Theca folliculi |
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Theca follicle produces: - theca interna = layer of ____ cells - theca externa = outer layer of ___ tissue |
- Secretory cells - Connective tissue |
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Extend laterally on both poles of the uterine funds. |
Fallopian tubes |
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Posses the fimbria which is in close relation with the ovary - closest to ovary |
Infundibulim |
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Narrow middle segment |
Isthmus |
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Proximal segment attached to the uterus |
Ampulla |
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Pear shaped organ |
Uterus |
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Uterine body is composed of (3) |
- Perimetrio - Myometrio - Endometrium |
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Vulvar inflammatory disorders are all manifested by (3) |
- Pruritus (itching) - Suppuration - Epithelial changes |
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What are the 4 sexually transmitted disease talked about in class? |
- Condyloma (HPV) - Vesicular lesions (Herpes Simplex II) - Gonococci infection - Syphilis |
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Flat, moist, and minimally elevated lesion seen in association with secondary syphilis |
Condyloma latum |
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Papillary, rugose, and elevated lesion in anogenital region. Microscopically has koilocytosis (HPV) |
Condyloma Acuminata |
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All non-neoplastic epithelial disorders share the presence of _____ |
leukoplakia (areas of whitish discolouration) |
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Vulvar dystrophies (non-neoplastic epithelial disorders) include (2)
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- Lichen sclerosus - Squamous hyperplasia |
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Manifested by hyperkeratosis, thinning of epidermis and dermal sclerosis with adnexal atrophy |
Lichen sclerosus |
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Manifested as epithelial thickening andhyperkeratosis. - There is NO predisposition for cancer developmental though is usually present around themargins of vulvar cancer. |
Squamous hyperplasia |
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Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) ranges from mild dysplasia to carcinoma in situ. Includes what 3 carcinomas |
- Squamous cell carcinoma (90%) - Extramammary paget's - Melanoma (<5%) |
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Vagina is usually secondarily affected from lesions of the ___ or __ |
vulva or cervix |
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Vaginitis is a relatively common and accompanied by transient problems as vaginal discharged related to infectious organisms such as (2) |
Candida sp. and trichomonas |
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Neoplasms in the vagina usually occur in ____ women |
postmenopausal (>60) |
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Lesion seen in late teen girls from mothers who received diethystillbestrol during pregnancy |
Clear cell adenocarcinoma |
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Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma produces a soft polypoid mass - Commonly occur < 5y/o. |
Sarcoma botryoides |
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Cervicitis can be caused by (5) |
- Chlamydia - Candida - Ureaplasma - Trichomonas - HSV II |
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Acute nonspecific cervicitis is a term limited to post partum or for ___/___ infections
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Staph, strep
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Erosive cervicitis is anything secondary to physical agents such as (3) |
Coitus, birth trauma, age |
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Endocervical polyp is inflammatory in origin and is lined by mucos producing endocervical gland cells. - complication is ____ |
bleeding |
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Important test which screens a cervical sample for the identification of pre malignant disorders |
PAP Smear |
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HPV is present in __-__% of pre malignant lesions |
85-90 |
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__-__% of carcinomas lack the presence of HPV. - Cigarette smoking is involved in unknown manner. |
10-15% |
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85 -90% squamous in nature evolving from CIN. |
Invasive carcinoma |
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Invasive carcinoma has what 3 macroscopic characteristics? |
- Fungating - Ulcerative - Infiltrative (least frequent) |
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__-__% of invasive carcinoma are adenocarcinoma or combination |
10-15% |
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Presence of endometrial tissue within the myometrium |
Adenomyosis |
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Presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity or myometrium |
Endometriosis |
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Clinical significance of “ectopic” endometrialtissue undergoes cyclic changes. - May be associated with (3) |
- Infertility - Dysmenorrhea - Dyspreunia |
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Etiologies of endometriosis (3) |
- Regurgitation - Metaplastic tissue - Vascular or lymphatic spread |
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Sessile round pedunculated lesion of which the stromal cells are neoplasitic. - more common at menopause accompanied with abnormal uterine bleeding |
Endometrial polyp |
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Endometrial polyp may precede ____ |
adenocarcinoma |
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____ is the most common benign tumor infemales. - It is found in up to 50% on reproductive years - tumor of smooth muscle also referred as "____" |
Leiomyoma, fibroids |
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Malignant tumor derived from mesenchymal cells. |
Leiomyosarcoma |
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Leiomyosarcoma is NOT preceded nor derived from precasting ____ |
fibromas |
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_______ are the most frequent endometrial carcinoma andrelated with anovulatory cycle and/ordysfunctional (irregular) uterine bleeding. |
Adenocarcinomas
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Endometrial adenocarcinoma more commonly develop in menopausal age associated with endometrial ____
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hyperplasia |
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Risk factors for endometrial adenocarcinoma (4) |
- Obesity (inc. synthesis of estrogen) - DM - HTN - Infertility (nulliparous) |
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Fallopian tube disorders are mainly caused by (5) |
- Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) - Inflammatory (infectious) disease - Endometriosis - Ectopic pregnancy - Uterine adenocarcinoma extending into tubes |
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What two genes are involved in ovarian neoplasm? |
BRCA 1 and BRCA 2 |
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Most frequent of the ovarian tumors usuallyoccur between 30 – 40y/o. |
Serous tumors |
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Serous tumors can be solid or cystic - __% benign - __% low malignant potential - __% malignant |
60 15 25 |
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Analogous to serous tumors in all respectsbut are considered less likely to bemalignant. |
Mucinous tumors |
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Mucinous tumors are __% benign and __% low malignant potential |
80%, 10% |
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- Account for 10% of all ovarian neoplasms - Germ cell tumor being 15-20% of all ovarian neoplasms |
- Mucinous tumor - Teratomas |
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Teratomas usually arise in pts <__y/o, the younger the patient the greater the risk of malignancy |
20 y/o |
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Bengin cystic mature teratomas make up >__% |
90% |
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____ malignant teratoma are often bulky predominately solid tumors in younger age groups |
Immature |
