Reproductive System - Female

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4 female primary sex organs

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ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina

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are paired organs that not only produce gametes (ova or eggs), they are also responsible for the production of the two female hormones: estrogen and progesterone; oval in shape and measure approximately 3.5 cm long, 2 cm wide, and 1 cm thick; Positioned on either side of the uterus, the ovaries are supported by a mesentery that consists of the mesovarium, suspensory, and ovarian ligaments. Each ovary has an outer cortex and an inner medulla. The connective tissue of the cortex is called its stroma, and throughout the stroma are many ovarian follicles in various stages of development.

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ovaries

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gametes =

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eggs/ova/ovum

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ova/ovum/eggs =

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gametes

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2 female hormones

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estrogen and progesterone

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the ovaries are supported by a ...

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mesentery

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mesentery (3) ligaments

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mesovarium, syspensory, and ovarian ligaments

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connective tissue of cortex

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strome

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ovarian follicles are located where

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throughout the stoma

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A female hormone secreted by the ovary, it is responsible for typical female sexual characteristics

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estogen

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A female hormone that prepares and maintains the uterus for pregnanc

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progesterone

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A double layer of peritoneum that acts as a structural support for the ovaries

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mesentery

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The fold of peritoneum connecting the ovary with the wall of the abdominal cavity

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mesovarium

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A fold of peritoneum that extends out from the ovary to the wall of the pelvis. (Also called infundibulopelvic ligament.)

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suspensory ligament

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infundibulopelvic ligament =

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suspensory ligament

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suspensory ligament =

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infundibulopelvic ligament

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A fibrous ligament that connects the ovary to the lateral surface of the uterus. (Also called utero-ovarian ligament.)

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ovarian ligament

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ovarian ligament =

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utero-ovarian ligament

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utero-ovarian ligament =

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ovarian ligament

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Outer portion of an organ, the ovaries for example.

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cortex

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Inner part of an organ, the ovaries for example.

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medulla

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connective tissue of the cortex that contains many ovarian follicles in various stages of development

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stroma

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normally only one develops or matures each month

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ovarian follicle

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the follicle enlarges and develops a second layer, the cells of which produce the female hormone, estrogen, during...

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maturation

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mature follicle measuring 1 cm in diameter

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graafian follicle

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the surface of the follicles gives way and allows the ovum to escape. The ruptured follicle then develops into a corpus luteum. The cells that make up its lining enlarge and develop yellow granules, which are the source for the other female hormone, progesterone, during..

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ovulation

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what lining develops yellow granules which are the source for progesterine

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corpus luteum

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uterine tubes or oviducts; transport the ovum to the uterus; Each fallopian tube is narrow, smooth, and muscular and measures approximately 10 cm in length. The lumen of each tube is lined with cilia and epithelial cells. The narrow isthmus of each tube opens directly into the uterus. The widest portion of the tube is funnel-shaped and is called the infundibulum. The longest portion of the tube is called the ampulla

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fallopian/uterine tubes

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fallopian tubes =

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urterine tubes

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uterine tubes =

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fallopian tubes

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part of fallopian tube which opens directly into uterus

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isthmus (narrow)

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funnel-shaped and widest part of fallopian tube

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infundibulum

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longest portion of fallopian tube

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ampulla

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a hollow, thick-walled, muscular organ that is shaped somewhat like an inverted pear. Positioned between the urinary bladder and the rectum, the uterus is not firmly attached and can be tilted as necessary (for example, when the bladder is full). The main portion of the uterus is called the body; the tapered distal portion is the cervix; and the uppermost portion is referred to as the fundus. The wall of the uterus is composed of three layers. The inner lining, or endometrium, undergoes changes based on the menstrual cycle. After each period, there is a proliferative stage in which the endometrium rapidly regenerates and the blood supply increases. In the secretory stage the endometrium develops further and the glands become large and coiled. At this point, the endometrium is ready for a fertilized embryo. If this does not occur, the menstrual stage follows, during which the built-up endometrium quickly breaks down and sloughs away, leaving only a thin layer underneath—the myometrium

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uterus

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inverted pear shape; hollow, thick-walled muscular organ

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uterus

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main portion of uterus is called..

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body

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tapered distal portion of uterus

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cervix

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uppermost portion of uterus

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fundus

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uterus inner lining; undergoes changes based on the menstrual cycle

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endometrium

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3 stages the endometrium takes during menstrual cycle after each period

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proliferative stage, secretory stage, menstrual stage

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the endometrium rapidly regenerates and the blood supply increases = which stage

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proliferative stage

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the endometrium develops further and the glands become large and coiled. At this point, the endometrium is ready for a fertilized embryo - which stage

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secretory stage

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if a fertilized egg does not meet the endomentrium, the menstrual stage follows, during which the built-up endometrium quickly breaks down and sloughs away, leaving only a thin layer underneath—the myometrium - which stage

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menstrual stage

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muscular tube about 9.5 cm in length that passes from the cervical opening, or os, of the uterus to the outside of the body. A recessed area around the cervix, the fornix, functions as both a receptacle for a penis during sexual intercourse (and repository for sperm) and as the birth canal for parturition (the birthing process). It becomes lubricated during sexual excitement by secretions from the vestibular or Bartholin's glands, as well as by secretions from the mucous glands of the cervix.

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vagina

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external genitalia =

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vulva

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consists of the mons pubis, a pad of connective tissue that covers the symphysis pubis and (after puberty) supports the coarse pubic hair

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vulva

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pad of connective tissue that covers the symphysis pubis and (after puberty) supports the coarse pubic hair

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mons pubis

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are two longitudinal folds of skin comprised of adipose and muscular tissue. They are continuous with the mons pubis and eventually form the perineum (the area between the thighs to the anus). The labia majora are covered with hair and contain multiple sebaceous glands which secrete a greasy, lubricating substance

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labia majora

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area between thighs to anus is called

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perineum

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a greasy, lubricating substance

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sebaceous glands

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2 small longitudinal folds between the labia majora; They are hairless, contain sebaceous glands, and split to form the prepuce (fold of skin) that covers the clitoris

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labia minora

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fold of skin that covers the clitoris

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prepuce

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small rounded structure made up of erectile tissue and sensitive epithelium, is found at the upper portion of the vestibule (the cleft between the labia into which both the vagina and urethra open)

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clitoris

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the cleft between the labia into which both the vagina and urethra open

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upper portion vestibule

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A pad of connective tissue that covers the symphysis pubis and (after puberty) supports the coarse pubic hair.

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mons pubis

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within the breasts are modified sweat glands and are actually a part of the integumentary (skin) system; Functionally, however, they are associated with the reproductive system because they secrete milk for nourishment of infants (a process called lactation). Each gland is composed of 15 to 20 lobes with a duct that opens at the tip of the nipple. The nipple itself is partially composed of erectile tissue and is surrounded by a circular area, the areola, that is usually darker in pigment than the surrounding skin

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mammary glands

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secretion of milk by mammary glands for nourishment of infants

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lactation

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partially composed of erectile tissue and is surrounded by a circular area, the areola, that is usually darker in pigment than the surrounding skin

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nipple

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circular area of nipple that is usually darker in pigment than the surrounding skin

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areola

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Glands located within the breasts that are modified sweat glands.

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mammary glands

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infundibulum

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distal end of uterine tube

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The periodic discharge of the blood-enriched lining of the uterus through the vagina. Menstruation marks the end of one menstrual cycle and the beginning of another.

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menstruation

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cervix (recessed area)

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fornix

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the joint formed by a union of pubic bones by thick fibrocartilage

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symphysis pubis