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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the ovaries and testes called?
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Gonads
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What are the oviducts?
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Fallopian tubes/uterine tubes
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What are the finger like projections that sweep up the egg?
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fimbriae
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What age does sexual maturity typically occur in females?
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10-14
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when should sexual maturity begin to be discussed with child?
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age 5 or whenever they start kindergarten
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What 2 things propel the oocyte along the oviduct? How long does the oocyte live?
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cilia and the combined action of the fimbrae 6-24 hours
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What do the ovaries produce?
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female sex hormones: estrogen and progesterone and eggs
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How long does an egg live? Sperm?
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6-24 hours, sperm live 2-3 days (48-72 hours)
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When does a developing embryo normally arrive at the uterus?
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After several days
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Where does ovulation, implantaiont, and fertilaztion take place?
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ovulation: peritoneal cavity
implantation: uterus Fertilization: fallopian tube/oviducts/uterine tube |
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Where is the uterus located?
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above and tipped over the urinary bladder
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What does a hysterectomy remove?
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removal of the uterus, including the cervix
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What is early detection of the cancer that infects the area that enters the vagina nearly at a right angle? How is the test done?
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(cervical cancer) pap test, take a flat stick or brush
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What causes genital warts and what does this virus also cause?
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human papaloma virus, also leading cause of cervical cancer
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What is the removal of the gonads and the uterus and the cervix technically termed?
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ovariohysterctomy or a radical hysterectomy
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What type of bacteria resides in the vagina what does it make? What is its function?
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Lactobacillus, makes lactic acid, creates an acidic environment
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Due to the lactobacillus, the sperm have a component that allows them to surpass the environment of the vagina to fertilize the egg, what is this component?
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As sperm live the urethra, they are surrounded in seminal fluid (fluidity comes from seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and the cowper's gland) that has a slightly alkaline pH (about 7.5) to neutralize the acidic environment of the vagina (bulbourethral gland contributes most to alkinity_)
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If a female has been on antibiotic therapy, what should she do? Why>
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deusch with yogurt, it contains lactobacillus
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Near the time of ovulation, what happens to the uterus and cervix?
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descend in vagina
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What does guardasil do?
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Vaccine, protets against human papalmoma virus, given before puberty and to all young girls.
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What is the vulva?
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Contains labia majora
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BF: What is FGC? Why is it so harmful?
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Female genital cutting or circumcision, many girls die from infection, causes lifelong urinary and reproductive tract infections, infertility, and pelvic pain
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What is everything the follicle is assoicated with?
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cavity, egg, and surrounding supporting cells
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Old Ova seen in women over 40 years old are more likely to have what? What could this lead to?
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more likely to have defects. A younger woman is more likely to abort a child than an older woman. Down Syndrome
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What are 2 reasons for Down Syndrome? What is another name for this disease?
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1. Cumulative Toxicity with eggs as a women ages.
2. Older women are less likely to spontaneously abort a defective fetus |
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When does a follicle mature?
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During the ovarian cycle on a monthly basis after a female reaches puberty.
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what happens to the follicle during ovulation?
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primary follicle-->Secondary follicle-->vesicular follicle/ graffian follicle
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What is the name of the last stage a follicle goes through before it ruptures the membrane?
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graffian or vesicular follicle
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When does ovulation, the first day of ovulation, actually occur?
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When the secondary oocyte is released and picked up by fallopian tubes
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Where/Why is estrogen released as the primary follicle begins to develop?
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Estrogen is released into the blood stream. When estrogen reaches the hypothalamus in the brain, gonadotropin stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to release
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If the secondary oocyte is not fertilized, what happens to it? What process would it not go through?
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It dies in 6-24 hours, it will NOT undergo meiosis II
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What is the abdominal pain a woman can experience in the middle of her cycle? what day would this be?
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mittelschmerz (middle pain) Day 14
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What happens on day 14 on a normal menstrual cycle?
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Day 1 of ovulation, the egg is released is released into the peritoneal cavity
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On day 14 of a woman's menstrual cycle, what events would be occurring?
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vesicular follicle bulges and bursts, releasing the oocyte (egg) into the peritoneal cavity.
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On day 14 of a normal menstrual cycle, what happens to the surrounding supporting cells of an oocyte?
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(follicle) it develops into a corpus luteum (a gland-like structure), if the egg is not fertilized, this structure disintegrates
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What is the most common surgery done to treat pain on day a normal cycle of day 14?
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appendectomy, (mistaking mittelschmerz for appendicitis), ULTRASOUND
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What is responsible for producing estrogen in the ovary?
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a primary follicle, and the subsequent secondary follicle produces estrogen
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What is the source of progesterone?
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The corpus luteum
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What type of birth control method would be associated only with the corpus luteum?
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norplant because it is the progesterone only method. Progesterone is produced by the corpus luteum.
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What is estrogen released by?
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The primary and secondary follicle
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What has ultimate control over the ovarian cycle?
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Hypothalamus, because it releases Gonadotropin Releasing hormone which stimulates the gonadotropic hormones (Follicle stimulating Hormone, Leutinizing Hormone)
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What half of the cycle is fixed if females have an overly long cycle?
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Luteal phase, 15-28
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What happens at the end of the follicular phase?
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estrogen strike,has a positive feedback effect on the hypothalamus and pituitary gland and as a result, GnRH from the hypothalamus increases. This leads to a surge in LH production by the anterior pituitary and to ovulation at about the 14th day of a 28 day cycle.
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What is associated with day 20 of the ovarian cycle?
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the luteal phase LH promotes the development of the corpus luteum which secretes primarily progesterone, Luteal phase is usually more stable than the fillicular phase
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What does the corpus luteum secrete?
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Primarily progesterone.
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What are the 2 phases of the ovarian cycle?
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luteal phase and the follicular phase
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What may be associated with day 7 of an ovarian cycle?
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(follicular phase days 1-13), GnRH stimulates the anterior pituitary to produce FSH and LH, and these hormones control the ovarian cycle. FSH promotes the development of follicles that primarily secrete estrogen, it exerts feedback control over the anterior pituitary secretion of FSH so that the follicular phase comes to an end.
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What hormone is involved in mild production following pregnancy?
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prolactin
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How does estrogen affect the endometrium throughout the uterine cycel?
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During the follicular phase (1-14), FSH released by the anterior pituitary promotes the maturation of a follicle in the ovary. The follicle produces increasing levels of estrogen which causes the endometrium to thicken during the proliferative phasse of the uterine cycle.
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Which hormone is released to allow milk letdown?
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oxytocin
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Which phase of the uterine cycle is involved with thickening of the endometrium? when is it thickest?
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proliferative phase, thickest in the secreatory phase.
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at what phase would menses begin?
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in the secreatory phase when progesterone production declines to a low level.
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When does the LH spike occur?
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Ovulation or day 14
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When does progesterone secretion become prominent?
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in the secreatory phase of the uterine cycle and the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle. (Da15-28 of both the uterine and ovarian cycle)
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What is estrogen largely responsible or the secondary sex characteristics in females?
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secondary sex characteristics including body hair and fat distribution
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What is the time in a woman's life during which the ovarian cycle ceases?
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menopause
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What does the thing that is responsible for making females have a characteristic of a greater accumulation of fat beneath their skin cause just prior to ovulation?
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causes the cervical mucous to become very stretchy like rubber cement (spinnbarkheit)
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The abundant stretchable cervical mucos is usually indicative of what? What is the function of this mucous?
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high estrogen level and shows that woman's fertility is at its peak. has channels that help guide the sperm towards the cervical opening.
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When is a woman's fertility at peak? what would be asociated with this?
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Just before ovulation, spinnbarkheit or stretchy rubber cement cervical mucous
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The hormone that is produced mainly after ovulation causes what to happen in the uterine cycle?
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(progesterone), causes the endometrium of the uterus to double or triple in thickness (from 1 mm to 2-3 mm) and the uterine glands to mature
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Natural Family Planning birth control method has what percent effectiveness?
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80%
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What is bloating cuased by?
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estrogen promoting an influx of sodium into tissues which is then followed by water.
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What happens on day 1 of the uterine cycle?
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menses passes out of the vagina during menstruation.
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The low level of estrogen and progesterone in the body cause what to happen?
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days 1-5, causes the endometrium to disintegrate and its bv's to rupture.
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