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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Process of sperm maturation |
Spermatogenesis |
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Primary spermatogonia germ cell goes through _______to become the primary spermoctyes. |
Mitosis |
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Where is spermatogonia held dormant in fetal period? |
Seminiferous tubules |
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Through what process do primary spermoctyes become spermatids? |
Meiosis |
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Through what process do primary spermoctyes become spermatids? |
Meiosis |
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What cells help the growth and nurture of spermatogonia in the seminiferous tubule? |
Sertoli cells |
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After seminiferous tubule, where does the sperm go? |
Epididymis Ductus deferens Urtehra |
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After seminiferous tubule, where does the sperm go? |
Epididymis Ductus deferens Urtehra |
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When do sperm cells start maturing? |
Puberty and onwards |
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What part of the male reproductive system secretes GnRH? |
Testes |
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What part of the male reproductive system secretes GnRH? |
Testes |
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Three parts of a mature sperm: |
Head: nucleus Acrosome: contains acrosin Tail: ATP and mitochondria |
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What is released when GnRH is active? |
LH and FSH |
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LH and FSH have receptors on what cells: |
Sertoli and leydig |
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Primary inhibitor of LH: |
Testosterone |
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Testosterone is produced in the ___________ tissues and regulated by ________ and _______. |
Peripheral Estrogen and andgrogen |
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What regulates the feedback mechanism of FSH: |
Inhibin produced by Sertoli cells |
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What results after there's a decrease in Spermatogenesis? |
Decrease in inhibin and increase in FSH levels |
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How much semen is ejaculated? How much sperm per ejaculation? |
3.5. mL 100 million sperm |
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Nitric oxide stimulates the production of _______ which dilates the smooth muscle allowing blood flow into the _______________. |
cGMP Corpus cavernosa |
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Which nervous system controls emission? |
Sympathetic |
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_______ cells secrete testosterone in response to _____. |
Leydig LH |
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When are higher and lower levels of testosterone secreted? |
Higher: early mornings Lower: later afternoon/ evening |
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How much testicular volume is made up of germ cells and Sertoli cells? |
86-90% |
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During the prenatal period, how does oogonia become primary oocyte? |
Mitotic division |
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During the prenatal period, how does oogonia become primary oocyte? |
Mitotic division |
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What type of tissue cells develop around the p.oocyte? They're called: |
Follicular epithelial cells, primordial follicles |
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Zona pelucida also forms around the primary oocyte and consists of: |
Amorphous acellular glycoprotein material |
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Zona pelucida also forms around the primary oocyte and consists of: |
Amorphous acellular glycoprotein material |
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Primary oocyte begins meiotic division but is suspended till: |
Puberty or sexual maturation |
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Zona pelucida also forms around the primary oocyte and consists of: |
Amorphous acellular glycoprotein material |
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Primary oocyte begins meiotic division but is suspended till: |
Puberty or sexual maturation |
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What helps keep primary oocyte suspended? |
OMI, oocyte maturation inhibitor |
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Do primary oocytes form after birth? |
No |
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Do primary oocytes form after birth? |
No |
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During puberty what occurs with follicle maturation? |
Ovulation |
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Do primary oocytes form after birth? |
No |
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During puberty what occurs with follicle maturation? |
Ovulation |
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When does the primary oocyte complete its first meiotic division? |
Before ovulation |
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Do primary oocytes form after birth? |
No |
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During puberty what occurs with follicle maturation? |
Ovulation |
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When does the primary oocyte complete its first meiotic division? |
Before ovulation |
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What occurs during ovulation: |
Nucleus of secondary oocyte forms and begins second meiotic division |
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Do primary oocytes form after birth? |
No |
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During puberty what occurs with follicle maturation? |
Ovulation |
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When does the primary oocyte complete its first meiotic division? |
Before ovulation |
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What occurs during ovulation: |
Nucleus of secondary oocyte forms and begins second meiotic division |
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When is second meiotic division completed? |
When it's fertilized by the sperm |
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An example of Pseudo hermaphroditism is: |
Kleinfelter syndrome |
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When does ovulation occur? (Time frame) |
12-24 hours after peak levels of LH production |
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What occurs to the corpus luteum if oocyte gets fertilized? |
Production of HCG which increases progesterone and maintains endometrium |
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What occurs to the corpus luteum if oocyte gets fertilized? |
Production of HCG which increases progesterone and maintains endometrium |
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What occurs if corpus luteum isn't fertilized? |
white scar tissue forms 10-12 days after ovulation |
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Fertilization occurs where in the female reproductive system? |
Uterine tubes, ampulla |
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What does the sperm penetrate first for fertilization? |
Corona radiata |
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What does the sperm penetrate first for fertilization? |
Corona radiata |
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After sperm goes through corona radiata it goes through the: |
Zona pelucida |
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Process of fertilization after zona pelucida: |
Plasma membranes of sperm and oocyte merge Pro nucleus of male and female form Pro nucleus membranes break down and chromosomes condense forming a zygote |
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Three steps of the menstrual cycle: |
Follicular phase: last two weeks Luteal phase: ovulation and secretion of progesterone Menstrual phase: if fertilization doesn't occur then rupture of blood vessels cause menstruation |
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Typical length of pregnancy? |
40 weeks since last lmp Or 38 weeks since ovum is fertilized |
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Indications of being pregnant: |
HCG present in urine or blood Missing your menstrual cycle |
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Indications of being pregnant: |
HCG present in urine or blood Missing your menstrual cycle |
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Which hormones help in contracting your cervix during labor? |
Oxytocin and prostaglandin |
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Which two types of prostaglandin help in labor? |
PGF2 alpha PGE2 |
