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100 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What vitamin will decrease the chances of neural tubular defects?
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Folic Acid
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What is a relatively safe antibiotic to use during pregnancy?
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Cephalexin (Keflex)
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What medication is used to tx infertility in polycystic ovarian syndrome?
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clomiphene
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What anti-androgen can be used in PCOS?
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Spironolactone
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What hormone peaks during the luteal phase?
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Progesterone
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At what age should screening for cervial cancer occur on a non-seexually active female?
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18 years of age
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What is the most common gynecological cancer in the United States?
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Endometrial cancer
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What is the median age of endometrial cancer at time of dx?
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60 years old
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What is the most common type of endometrial cancer? The second most?
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1. adenocarcinoma
2. mucinous |
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Name the top three risk factors for endometrial cancer.
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1. Nulliparity
2. Late menopause 3. Diabetes mellitus |
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Most common symptoms of endometriosis
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1. Irregular bleeding
2. prolonged heavy periods 3. spotting |
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Treatment for advanced and reccurent endometrial cancer.
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High-dose progestins
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Most common sites for Endometriosis
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1. Ovaries
2. pelvic peritoneum 3. round ligament 4. fallopian tubes 5. sigmoid colon |
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What type of patient should be given Rho-Gam?
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Mother Rh negative; Baby Rh positive
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What is the gestational age of a baby when the fundal height is at the umbilicus?
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20 weeks
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What are the side effects of Danazol?
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1. acne
2. weight gain 3. edema 4. hirsutism |
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What are the side effects of gonodotropin releasing hormone?
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1. hot flashes
2. decreased bone density |
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What are the risk factors for gestational diabetes?
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1. + family hx of DM
2. previous birth of macrosomic infant 3. HTN 4. >30years old 5. glycosuria |
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Cervical dilation is complete at what size in diameter?
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10 cm
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What is the test of choice in evaluating dysfunctional cervical bleeding?
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Endometrial biopsy or dilatation and curretage
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Besides ovarian, when is CA-125 elevated?
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Fallopian or endometrial cancer
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Most common cause of post partum hemorrhaging?
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Uterine Atony
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What pathology woud you expect with epithelial cells covered in bacteria on wet mount. Tx?
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1. Bacterial vaginosis
2. metronidazole (flagyl) |
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What pathology would you expect with yeast and hyphae on a wet mount? Tx?
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1. vaginal candidiasis
2. flucanazole |
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Oval trophozoite that is flagellated, ph in urine is alkalotic(5.5) what is the organism?
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Trichomonas
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Patient presents with "strawberry cervix" what should she be treated for and with?
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1. Trichomonas vaginalis
2. metronidazole (flagyl) |
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What is the most common cause of vaginitis?
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Gardnerella vaginalis
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What is an extension of the endometrial glands and stroma into the uterine musculature?
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Adenomyosis
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Definitive tx for Adenomyosis
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hysterectomy
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30 year old black female presents with abnormal uterine bleeding with a non-tender, irregular, enlarged uterus. What is the probable dx?
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1. Leiomyoma (fibroid)
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What are some medicinal treatment for fibroids?
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medroxyprogesterone, danazol, gonadotropin releasing hormone agonists
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Most common causes of metritis?
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1. cesarean section
2. vaginal deliveries 3. dilatation and curretage 4. IUD |
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What is the mild medicinal treatment for metritis?
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cephalosporins
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What is the severe medicinal treatment for metritis?
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IV clindamycin or gentamycin
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What is the chronic medicinal treatment for metritis?
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doxycycline
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What exercise can a woman use to prevent uterine prolapse?
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Kegel exercises
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What are two types of functional ovarian cysts?
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1. follicular
2. corpus luteum |
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Which cysts are larger follicular or lutein?
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Lutien cysts
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A 25 year old female presents with a 9 cm ovarian cyst. What is the treatment?
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Exploratory laparotomy
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A 27 year old female presents with a request for aid in fertility. She has PCOS, what mediaction can be provided?
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clomiphene citrate
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What is the most common physical finding in a woman with pelvic inflammatory disease?
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Cervical motion tenderness
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A woman presents with dyspareunia, dysmenorrhea, and pain in menses that suddenly stops when menses is over. What is her most likely dx?
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Endometriosis
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What are the most common HPV serotypes in cervial cancer?
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16, 18, and 31
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What is the most common cell type in cervical cancer? What is the second most common?
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1. Squamous cell carcinoma
2. Adenocarcinoma |
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What type of adenocarcinoma of the cervix is linked to diethylstilbestrol (DES)exposure?
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clear-cell carcinoma
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What is the most common infectious agent in cervicitis? What is the second most common cause of cervicitis?
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1. Chlamydia trachomatis
2. Neisseria gonnorrhoea |
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A patient presents with possible cervicitis. Upon PE the discharge is thick and creamy. What is the probable organism?
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Niesseria gonorrhea
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A patient presents with possible cervicitis. Upon PE the discharge is thin and grey. What is the probable organism?
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Gardnerella
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A patient presents with possible cervicitis. Upon PE the discharge is white and curd-like discharge. What is the probable organism?
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Candiaisis
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A patient presents with possible cervicitis. Upon PE the discharge is purulent. What is the probable organism?
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Chlamydia
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A patient presents with possible cervicitis. Upon PE the discharge is foamy and greenish-white. What is the most probable organism?
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Trichomonas
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A patient presents with possible cervicitis. Labs reveal intracellular diplococci. What is the oragnism and tx?
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gonorrhea and tx with ceftriaxone or azithromycin
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How long does it take for CIN1 to become cervical cancer?
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7 years
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How long does it take for CIN2 to become cervical cancer?
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4 years
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What is the treatment for CIN1 and how often is it preformed?
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Colposcopy every 3 months
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How is the excision of lesions in a CIN 2 or 3 patient performed
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Loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP)
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What is the most effective way to treat a large cystocele?
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colporrhaphy
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At what age is menopause considered premature?
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40 years old
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Early decerleration implies what?
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Uteroplacental insufficiency
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Variable deceleration implies what?
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chord compression
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Late deceleration implies what?
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placental insufficiency
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In pregnancy, when is the triple screen performed?
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15 to 18 weeks
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What tests comprise the triple screen?
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1. serum alpha-fetoprotein
2. beta-hCG 3. estriol |
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If mother is + for diabetes, when is the Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) performed?
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2nd trimester
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Besides neural tube defects, what else does a + alpha-fetoprotein provide?
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possible Down Syndrome
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What is the fasting results and one hour results for a + gestational diabetes on OGTT?
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1. 95-100mg/dL for fasting
2. 170-190 mg/dL for one hour |
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A technique used by the PA to determine fetal lie by palpating the abdomen.
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Leopold's maneuver
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What score is needed on a Bishop score to recommend vaginal delivery?
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8 out of 13
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How low of a score on bishop score is used to recommend a possible ceasarean?
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< 6 out of 13
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What two methods can be used to perform an induction?
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1. amniotomy
2. pitocin |
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If baseline fetal heartone is 110-160 why would it be above 160?
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1. Infection
2. Hypoxia 3. Anemia |
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What bishop score will lead to an increased number of failed inductions?
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< 5
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What fetal scalp pH is considered normal? What is considered abnormal?
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1. > 7.25 normal
2. < 7.20 abnormal |
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What are two types of episiotomies?
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1. midline
2. mediolateral |
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What type of abortion is complete expulsion of all products?
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complete abortion
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What type of abortion is partial expulsion of some but not all products.
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Incomplete abortion
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What type of abortion is no expulsion of products but bleeding and dilation of the cervix has occured.
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Inevitable abortion
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What type of abortion is any intrauterine bleeding before 20 weeks gestation.
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threatened abortion
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What type of abortion is death of the fetus before 20 weeks gestation with complete retention of the products.
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Missed abortion
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What is the premature seperation of the placenta from the uterine wall?
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Abruptio placentae
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Risk factors for abruptio placentae?
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1. maternal hypertension
2. prior hx of abruptio placenta 3. maternal trauma 4. advanced age 5. multiparity 6. smoking 7. alcohol abuse |
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This maneuver is employed in case of shoulder dystocia during childbirth and involves hyperflexing the mother's legs tightly to her abdomen.
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McRoberts maneuver
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What medications are counterindicated in a gestational diabetic patient?
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Oral hypoglycemics
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What are the two types of hydatidiform moles?
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1. complete
2. incomplete |
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This results from fertilization of an empty ovum by a normal sperm.
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complete hydatidiform
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This results when two sperm fertilize a normal ovum at the same time.
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incomplete hydatidiform
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What are "grape like" clusters protruding into the vagina
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hydatidiform mole
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What is abnormal invasion of placentae into the uterine wall called?
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placenta accreta
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What are the four hypertensive states in pregnancy?
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1. preeclampsia and eclampsia
2. chronic hypertension 3. chronic hypertension with superimposed preeclampsia 4. Transient hypertension |
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What medication is given to decrease the risk of seziures in a patient with preclampsia?
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magnesium sulfate
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What type of seizures develop when a patient is eclampsic?
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tonic-clonic
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What does HELLP syndrome stand for?
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1. Hemolytic anemia
2. Elevated Liver function tests 3. Low Platelets |
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What is the name of the test that detects the pH of the fluid as alkaline if amniotic fluid.
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Nitrazine test
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This tests detects crystallization of salts in the amniotic fluid.
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Fern test
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At what gestation is the RhoGAM given?
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28 weeks
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What is the most common location for an ectopic pregnancy?
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Ampulla of the oviduct
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What is the most probable dx in a patient that presents with breast malignancy presenting as itching, burning, and erosion of the nipple.
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Paget's disease
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What is the most common cause of bloody nipple discharge?
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Intraductal papilloma
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"Violin string" adhesions on laproscopy, PID with RUQ pain. What is the most probable dx?
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Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome
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What is the term for heavy bleeding during and between menstrual periods?
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Menmetrorrhagia
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