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473 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Embryonic period? |
Week 3-8 |
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Heart beat by? |
Week 4 |
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External genitalia female/male characteristics by week? |
10 |
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Morula by? |
Day 3 |
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Blastocyst by? |
Day 5 |
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Agenesis? |
Absent organ due to absent primordia |
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Aplasia? |
No organ despite primordia being present |
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Hypoplasia? |
Incomplete organ despite primordia being present |
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FAS mechanism? |
Failure of cell migration |
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FAS mechanism? |
Failure of cell migration |
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Vitelline duct closed by? |
Week 7 |
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Recurrent laryngeal nerves loop around ....aortic arch derivatives? |
On right 4th On left 6th |
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Ductus arteriosus derived from ....aortic arch? |
Left 6th |
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Paramesonephric duct gives rise to? |
Fallopian tubes Uterus Upper portion of vagina |
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Lower portion of vagina from? |
Urogenital sinus |
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Mesonephric gives rise to? |
SEED Seminal vesicles Ejaculatory ducts Epididymis Ductus deferens |
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Mesonephric duct remanent in females? |
Gartner duct |
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Female remnants of gubernaculum? |
Ovarian ligament Round ligament |
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Associations of hypospadias? |
Inguinal hernia Cryptorchidism Chordee |
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Severe form features of FAS? |
Heart-lung fistula Holoprosencephaly |
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Syncytiotrophoblast characteristics? |
1. Secrets hcg 2. Secrets HPL 3. Lacks MHC 1 |
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Fetal component of placenta? |
Cytotrophoblast Syncytiotrophoblast |
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Maternal components of placenta? |
Decidua basalis |
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Fetal component of placenta covered by? |
Chorionic plate |
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Umbilical arteries & vein derived from? |
Allantois |
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Urachal cyst lined by? |
Uroepithelium |
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Increased risk of.... with urachal cyst? |
Adenocarcinoma Infection |
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Allantois formed in week? |
3rd from yolk sac |
|
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Blood testis barrier formed by? |
Sertoli cells |
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|
Blood testis barrier formed by? |
Sertoli cells |
|
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Inc temperature effect on spermatogenesis? |
Dec sperm production Dec inhibin |
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Sertoli homologous in female? |
Female granulosa cells |
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Inc hcg in? |
Multiple pregnancies Hydatidiform mole Choriocarcinoma Down syndrome |
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Inc hcg in? |
Multiple pregnancies Hydatidiform mole Choriocarcinoma Down syndrome |
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Dec HCG in? |
Failing pregnancy Edward syndrome Patau syndrome |
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Complications of hydatidiform mole? |
Hyperemesis gravidum Hyperthyroidism Theca-lutein cyst |
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Gestational hypertension? |
140/90 after 20th week of gestation |
|
|
Rx of gestational hypertension? |
NAHL Nifedipine Æ methyldopa Hydralazine Labetalol |
|
|
HELLP syndrome leading to hypotension.mechanism? |
Hepatic subcapsular hematoma =>rupture=>severe hypotension |
|
|
Rx HELLP syndrome? |
Immediate delivery |
|
|
Complications of hydatidiform mole? |
Hyperemesis gravidum Hyperthyroidism Theca-lutein cyst |
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|
Gestational hypertension? |
140/90 after 20th week of gestation |
|
|
Rx of gestational hypertension? |
NAHL Nifedipine Æ methyldopa Hydralazine Labetalol |
|
|
HELLP syndrome leading to hypotension.mechanism? |
Hepatic subcapsular hematoma =>rupture=>severe hypotension |
|
|
Rx HELLP syndrome? |
Immediate delivery |
|
|
Cause of maternal death in eclampsia? |
Stroke Intracranial haemorrhage ARDS |
|
|
Associations of follicular cyst? |
Endometrial hyperplasia Hyperestrogenism |
|
|
Estrogen of menopausal woman? |
Estrone |
|
|
Prevention of Blood clotting in menstrual blood by? |
Plasmin |
|
|
Associations of theca-lutein cyst? |
Choriocarcinoma Hydatidiform mole |
|
|
Bartholin gland in females analogous to .....In male? |
Bulbourethral gland of cowper |
|
|
Painful nodule on labia majora? |
Papillary hiradenoma |
|
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Organism responsible for acidic ph in vagina? |
Lactobacillus (gm +ve rod) |
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|
Substances that inc SHBG? |
Estrogen |
|
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Substances dec SHBG? |
Androgen Obesity Hypothyroidism |
|
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LH & FSH findings in menopause? |
Increased |
|
|
Estrogen of non pregnant women? |
Estradiol |
|
|
Estrogen of pregnant women? |
Estriol |
|
|
Cause of oophoritis? |
Mumps PID |
|
|
Thyroid gland origin from which surface epithelium? |
Endoderm |
|
|
Rx endometritis? |
CAG Clindamycin Ampicillin Gentamicin |
|
|
Outer quadrant of breast lymphatic drainage? |
Axillary lymph nodes |
|
|
Inner quadrant lymphatic drainage? |
Internal mammary nodes |
|
|
Rx of acute mastitis caused by non MRSA? |
Dicloxacillin Cephalexin |
|
|
Acute mastitis caused by MRSA? |
TMP-SMX |
|
|
Benign calcifications in breast? |
Sclerosing adenosis Traumatic fat necrosis |
|
|
Sex hormone profile in cryptorchidism? |
Dec inhibin Inc FSH Normal LH |
|
|
Rx endometritis? |
CAG Clindamycin Ampicillin Gentamicin |
|
|
Outer quadrant of breast lymphatic drainage? |
Axillary lymph nodes |
|
|
Inner quadrant lymphatic drainage? |
Internal mammary nodes |
|
|
Rx of acute mastitis caused by non MRSA? |
Dicloxacillin Cephalexin |
|
|
Acute mastitis caused by MRSA? |
TMP-SMX |
|
|
Benign calcifications in breast? |
Sclerosing adenosis Traumatic fat necrosis |
|
|
Sex hormone profile in cryptorchidism? |
Dec inhibin Inc LH Inc FSH |
|
|
Testicular germ cell tumour risk factors? |
Cryptorchidism Klinefelter syndrome |
|
|
GnRH from which hypothalamic nuclei? |
Preoptic Arcuate |
|
|
Genes for lengthening of limbs? |
FGF gene |
|
|
Genes for lengthening of limbs? |
FGF gene |
|
|
Genes for craniocaudal arrangement of embryo? |
Homeobox gene |
|
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Genes for lengthening of limbs? |
FGF gene |
|
|
Genes for craniocaudal arrangement of embryo? |
Homeobox gene |
|
|
Genes Produced at base of limbs? |
Sonic hedgehog gene |
|
|
Genes expressed at apical ectodermal ridge? |
Wnt-7 gene |
|
|
Genes expressed at apical ectodermal ridge? |
Wnt-7 gene FGF gene |
|
|
Hox codes for? |
Transcription factors |
|
|
2 vessel umbilical cord associated with ? |
Edward's Esophageal atresia |
|
|
Umbilical arteries arise from! |
Internal iliac arteries |
|
|
What give rise to umbilical arteries & veins? |
Allantois |
|
|
Yolk sac into allantois in which week? |
3 |
|
|
Lymphatic drainage of prostate? |
Internal iliac nodes |
|
|
Blood testis barrier formed by? |
Sertoli cells |
|
|
Blood testis barrier formed by? |
Sertoli cells |
|
|
Temperature sensitive cells of testis? |
Sertoli cells |
|
|
Blood testis barrier formed by? |
Sertoli cells |
|
|
Temperature sensitive cells of testis? |
Sertoli cells |
|
|
Inc temperature effect on testis? |
Dec sperm production Dec inhibin |
|
|
Pudendal root? |
S2-S4 |
|
|
Pudendal sensory? |
Genitalia+skin around anus & perineum |
|
|
Motor of pudendal to? |
Pelvic floor Urethral sphincter Anal sphincter |
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|
hCG secretion begins? |
Around implantation of blastocyst |
|
|
Week 2? |
Epiblast Hypoblast |
|
|
Teratogenesis principle before week 3? |
All/ none |
|
|
Teratogenesis principle after week 8? |
Growth & function affected |
|
|
Pudendal root? |
S2-S4 |
|
|
Pudendal sensory? |
Genitalia+skin around anus & perineum |
|
|
Motor of pudendal to? |
Pelvic floor Urethral sphincter Anal sphincter |
|
|
hCG secretion begins? |
Around implantation of blastocyst |
|
|
Week 2? |
Epiblast Hypoblast |
|
|
Teratogenesis principle before week 3? |
All/ none |
|
|
Teratogenesis principle after week 8? |
Growth & function affected |
|
|
Maternal DM teratogenesis? |
Caudal regression syn Transposition of great vessels |
|
|
Pudendal root? |
S2-S4 |
|
|
Pudendal sensory? |
Genitalia+skin around anus & perineum |
|
|
Motor of pudendal to? |
Pelvic floor Urethral sphincter Anal sphincter |
|
|
hCG secretion begins? |
Around implantation of blastocyst |
|
|
Week 2? |
Epiblast Hypoblast |
|
|
Teratogenesis principle before week 3? |
All/ none |
|
|
Teratogenesis principle after week 8? |
Growth & function affected |
|
|
Maternal DM teratogenesis? |
Caudal regression syn Transposition of great vessels |
|
|
ADHD teratogenesis associated with? |
Smoking |
|
|
Mechanism of FAS? |
Failure of cell migration |
|
|
Pudendal root? |
S2-S4 |
|
|
Fetal-fetal transfusion syndrome associated with? |
Monochorionic diamniotic |
|
|
Pudendal sensory? |
Genitalia+skin around anus & perineum |
|
|
Motor of pudendal to? |
Pelvic floor Urethral sphincter Anal sphincter |
|
|
hCG secretion begins? |
Around implantation of blastocyst |
|
|
Week 2? |
Epiblast Hypoblast |
|
|
Teratogenesis principle before week 3? |
All/ none |
|
|
Teratogenesis principle after week 8? |
Growth & function affected |
|
|
Maternal DM teratogenesis? |
Caudal regression syn Transposition of great vessels |
|
|
ADHD teratogenesis associated with? |
Smoking |
|
|
Mechanism of FAS? |
Failure of cell migration |
|
|
Pudendal root? |
S2-S4 |
|
|
Fetal-fetal transfusion syndrome associated with? |
Monochorionic diamniotic |
|
|
Tangling of umbilical cord in? |
Monocho-monoamnio |
|
|
Fraternal twins? |
Dizygotic |
|
|
Maternal component if placenta? |
Decidua basalis |
|
|
Pudendal sensory? |
Genitalia+skin around anus & perineum |
|
|
Motor of pudendal to? |
Pelvic floor Urethral sphincter Anal sphincter |
|
|
hCG secretion begins? |
Around implantation of blastocyst |
|
|
Week 2? |
Epiblast Hypoblast |
|
|
Teratogenesis principle before week 3? |
All/ none |
|
|
Teratogenesis principle after week 8? |
Growth & function affected |
|
|
Maternal DM teratogenesis? |
Caudal regression syn Transposition of great vessels |
|
|
ADHD teratogenesis associated with? |
Smoking |
|
|
Mechanism of FAS? |
Failure of cell migration |
|
|
Pudendal root? |
S2-S4 |
|
|
Fetal-fetal transfusion syndrome associated with? |
Monochorionic diamniotic |
|
|
Tangling of umbilical cord in? |
Monocho-monoamnio |
|
|
Fraternal twins? |
Dizygotic |
|
|
Maternal component if placenta? |
Decidua basalis |
|
|
Decidua basalis derived from? |
Endometrium |
|
|
Umbilical a & v derived from? |
Allantois |
|
|
Urachus abnormality lined by uroepithelium? |
Urachus cyst |
|
|
Pudendal sensory? |
Genitalia+skin around anus & perineum |
|
|
Motor of pudendal to? |
Pelvic floor Urethral sphincter Anal sphincter |
|
|
hCG secretion begins? |
Around implantation of blastocyst |
|
|
Week 2? |
Epiblast Hypoblast |
|
|
Teratogenesis principle before week 3? |
All/ none |
|
|
Teratogenesis principle after week 8? |
Growth & function affected |
|
|
Maternal DM teratogenesis? |
Caudal regression syn Transposition of great vessels |
|
|
ADHD teratogenesis associated with? |
Smoking |
|
|
Mechanism of FAS? |
Failure of cell migration |
|
|
B clefts derived from? |
Ectoderm |
|
|
Cardiac defects associated with Digeorge? |
Conotruncal anomalies |
|
|
Cleft lip? |
Failure of fusion of maxillary & medial nasal processes |
|
|
Cleft lip is failure of? |
Formation of primary palate |
|
|
Lymph drainage of prostate? |
Internal iliac nodes |
|
|
Uterus ,proximal vagina lymph drainage? |
HOE Hypogastric Obturator External iliac |
|
|
Dx of uterine tenderness 1 week after delivery,no response to anti biotics? |
Ovarian vein thrombosis |
|
|
Round ligament connects? |
Uterine fundus to lab majora |
|
|
Round ligament associations? |
Passes above to artery if sampson |
|
|
Derivatives of gubernaculum in females? |
Round ligament Ovarian ligament |
|
|
Ovarian vessels in? |
Infundibulopelvic/suspensory ligament of ovary |
|
|
Branchial arches derived from? |
Mesoderm=>muscles+arteries Neural crest=>bone+cartilage |
|
|
Uterine vessels in? |
Cardinal ligament |
|
|
Posterior urethra? |
Prostatic Membranous |
|
|
Anterior urethra? |
Bulbous+ penile |
|
|
Posterior urethra causes leakage of urine in? |
Retropubic space |
|
|
Anterior urethra damage causes urine leakage in? |
Deep buck’s fascia |
|
|
If ant urethra damaged & buck fascia also damaged urine leakage to ? |
Superficial perineal space |
|
|
Somniferous tubules lined by? |
Spermatogonia Sertoli cells |
|
|
Leydig cells present in? |
In interstitium outside somniferous tubules |
|
|
Blood testis barrier formed by? |
Sertoli cells |
|
|
Estrogen types & sources? |
Estradiol=>ovary Estrone=>fat Estriol=>placenta |
|
|
Pouches derived ftom? |
Endoderm |
|
|
Changes in estrogen levels in pregnancy? |
50 fold in -diol & -rone 1000 fold in estriol |
|
|
Transport proteins affected by estrogen? |
Inc SHBG & HDL dec LDL |
|
|
Ferning of cervical mucus associated with? |
Estrogen |
|
|
Egg at which cell cycle stage before ovulation? |
prOphase 1 |
|
|
Egg at which cell cycle stage at ovulation? |
Metaphase 2 |
|
|
Early DHT effect? |
Differentiation of prostate,scrotum,penis |
|
|
Late DHT effect? |
Prostate growth Balding Sebaceous activity |
|
|
HELLP syn=>hypotension.moa? |
Hepatic subcapsular hematoma =>rupture=> hypotension |
|
|
Triad of vasa previa? |
FM P Fetal bradycardia Membrane rupture Painless vaginal bleeding |
|
|
1st cleft derivative? |
Ex auditory meatus |
|
|
2-4 cleft form? |
Temporary cervical sinus |
|
|
Persistent cervical sinus symptoms? |
Branchial cleft cyst between angle of mandible & SCM |
|
|
1st pouch derivatives? |
Mid ear cavity Mastoid air cells Eustachian tube |
|
|
2nd pouch derivatives? |
Endodermal lining of palatine tonsils |
|
|
3 pouch derivatives? |
Dorsal wing=>inf parathyroid Ventral wing=> thymus |
|
|
4 pouch derivatives? |
Superior parathyroid |
|
|
B clefts derived from? |
Ectoderm |
|
|
Cardiac defects associated with Digeorge? |
Conotruncal anomalies |
|
|
Cleft lip? |
Failure of fusion of maxillary & medial nasal processes |
|
|
Cleft lip is failure of? |
Formation of primary palate |
|
|
Lymph drainage of prostate? |
Internal iliac nodes |
|
|
Uterus ,proximal vagina lymph drainage? |
HOE Hypogastric Obturator External iliac |
|
|
Dx of uterine tenderness 1 week after delivery,no response to anti biotics? |
Ovarian vein thrombosis |
|
|
Round ligament connects? |
Uterine fundus to lab majora |
|
|
Round ligament associations? |
Passes above to artery if sampson |
|
|
Derivatives of gubernaculum in females? |
Round ligament Ovarian ligament |
|
|
Ovarian vessels in? |
Infundibulopelvic/suspensory ligament of ovary |
|
|
Branchial arches derived from? |
Mesoderm=>muscles+arteries Neural crest=>bone+cartilage |
|
|
Uterine vessels in? |
Cardinal ligament |
|
|
Posterior urethra? |
Prostatic Membranous |
|
|
Anterior urethra? |
Bulbous+ penile |
|
|
Posterior urethra causes leakage of urine in? |
Retropubic space |
|
|
Anterior urethra damage causes urine leakage in? |
Deep buck’s fascia |
|
|
If ant urethra damaged & buck fascia also damaged urine leakage to ? |
Superficial perineal space |
|
|
Somniferous tubules lined by? |
Spermatogonia Sertoli cells |
|
|
Leydig cells present in? |
In interstitium outside somniferous tubules |
|
|
Blood testis barrier formed by? |
Sertoli cells |
|
|
Estrogen types & sources? |
Estradiol=>ovary Estrone=>fat Estriol=>placenta |
|
|
Pouches derived ftom? |
Endoderm |
|
|
Changes in estrogen levels in pregnancy? |
50 fold in -diol & -rone 1000 fold in estriol |
|
|
Transport proteins affected by estrogen? |
Inc SHBG & HDL dec LDL |
|
|
Ferning of cervical mucus associated with? |
Estrogen |
|
|
Egg at which cell cycle stage before ovulation? |
prOphase 1 |
|
|
Egg at which cell cycle stage at ovulation? |
Metaphase 2 |
|
|
Early DHT effect? |
Differentiation of prostate,scrotum,penis |
|
|
Late DHT effect? |
Prostate growth Balding Sebaceous activity |
|
|
HELLP syn=>hypotension.moa? |
Hepatic subcapsular hematoma =>rupture=> hypotension |
|
|
Triad of vasa previa? |
FM P Fetal bradycardia Membrane rupture Painless vaginal bleeding |
|
|
Fetal bradycardia? |
<110 bpm |
|
|
1st cleft derivative? |
Ex auditory meatus |
|
|
2-4 cleft form? |
Temporary cervical sinus |
|
|
Persistent cervical sinus symptoms? |
Branchial cleft cyst between angle of mandible & SCM |
|
|
1st pouch derivatives? |
Mid ear cavity Mastoid air cells Eustachian tube |
|
|
2nd pouch derivatives? |
Endodermal lining of palatine tonsils |
|
|
3 pouch derivatives? |
Dorsal wing=>inf parathyroid Ventral wing=> thymus |
|
|
4 pouch derivatives? |
Superior parathyroid |
|
|
Associations of vasa previa? |
Velamentous UC |
|
|
Polyhydramnios? |
>1.5-2 L of amniotic fluid |
|
|
Gynaecological tumor incidence? |
Endomet>ovarian >cervical |
|
|
Worst prognosis of gynaecological ca? |
Ovarian >cervical >endometrial |
|
|
Worst prognosis of gynaecological ca? |
Ovarian >cervical >endometrial |
|
|
Polyhydramnios? |
>1.5-2 L |
|
|
Worst prognosis of gynaecological ca? |
Ovarian >cervical >endometrial |
|
|
Polyhydramnios? |
>1.5-2 L |
|
|
Oligohydramnios? |
<.5 L |
|
|
Pathophys of polyhydramnios? |
Inc urine production Dec swallowing |
|
|
Rx of neonatal abstinence? |
Morphine+methadone |
|
|
Vaginal adenosis? Associations? |
Persistence of columnar epithelium In vagina Precursor to clear cell adeno ca |
|
|
HPV 1-4 strains? |
Skin warts |
|
|
HPV 1-4 strains? |
Skin warts |
|
|
HPV 6,11? |
Genital warts |
|
|
HPV 1-4 strains? |
Skin warts |
|
|
HPV 6,11? |
Genital warts |
|
|
HPV 16,18? |
Cervical, vaginal, vulvar ,anal dysplasia |
|
|
HPV 1-4 strains? |
Skin warts |
|
|
HPV 6,11? |
Genital warts |
|
|
HPV 16,18? |
Cervical, vaginal, vulvar ,anal dysplasia=>ca |
|
|
Pap smear in IUD users? |
Actinimycese-like organism |
|
|
Inc risk of .....ca in PCOS? |
Endometrial |
|
|
Immature teratoma contains? |
Embryonic-like neural tissue |
|
|
Leiomyoma(fibroid) candidate? |
Black female 20-40 years |
|
|
Rx of endometritis? |
CAG Clindamycin Ampicillin Gentamicin |
|
|
Breast duct epithelium? |
Cuboidal cells lined by myoepithelial cells |
|
|
Benign breast lesions in premenopausal? |
Fibroadenoma=>est sensitive Intraductal papilloma=>bloody discharge |
|
|
Benign breast lesion of 5th decade? |
Phylloides |
|
|
Rx of endometritis? |
CAG Clindamycin Ampicillin Gentamicin |
|
|
Breast duct epithelium? |
Cuboidal cells lined by myoepithelial cells |
|
|
Benign breast lesions in premenopausal? |
Fibroadenoma=>est sensitive Intraductal papilloma=>bloody discharge |
|
|
Benign breast lesion of 5th decade? |
Phylloides |
|
|
Fibrosis in FCC? |
Hyperplasia of stroma |
|
|
Rx of endometritis? |
CAG Clindamycin Ampicillin Gentamicin |
|
|
Breast duct epithelium? |
Cuboidal cells lined by myoepithelial cells |
|
|
Benign breast lesions in premenopausal? |
Fibroadenoma=>est sensitive Intraductal papilloma=>bloody discharge |
|
|
Benign breast lesion of 5th decade? |
Phylloides |
|
|
Fibrosis in FCC? |
Hyperplasia of stroma |
|
|
Sclerosing adenosis ? |
Inc acini Intralobular fibrosis |
|
|
Physiologic gynaecomastia? |
At birth Puberty Old age |
|
|
Gynaecomastia drugs? |
Some Drugs Create Awesome Knockers Spironolactone Digoxin Cimetidine Alcohol Ketoconazole |
|
|
Rx of endometritis? |
CAG Clindamycin Ampicillin Gentamicin |
|
|
Breast duct epithelium? |
Cuboidal cells lined by myoepithelial cells |
|
|
Benign breast lesions in premenopausal? |
Fibroadenoma=>est sensitive Intraductal papilloma=>bloody discharge |
|
|
Benign breast lesion of 5th decade? |
Phylloides |
|
|
Fibrosis in FCC? |
Hyperplasia of stroma |
|
|
Sclerosing adenosis ? |
Inc acini Intralobular fibrosis |
|
|
Physiologic gynaecomastia? |
At birth Puberty Old age |
|
|
Gynaecomastia drugs? |
Some Drugs Create Awesome Knockers Spironolactone Digoxin Cimetidine Alcohol Ketoconazole |
|
|
Rx of lactational mastitis? |
Dicloxacillin=>continue feeding |
|
|
Most malignant breast ca arise from? |
Terminal ducts Upper outer quadrant |
|
|
Rx of endometritis? |
CAG Clindamycin Ampicillin Gentamicin |
|
|
c-erbB2 encodes? |
HER2/Neu => EGF receptor |
|
|
Breast ca associated with blacks? |
Triple negative |
|
|
ER PR +ve respond to? |
Tamoxifen Aromatase inhibitors |
|
|
Breast duct epithelium? |
Cuboidal cells lined by myoepithelial cells |
|
|
Benign breast lesions in premenopausal? |
Fibroadenoma=>est sensitive Intraductal papilloma=>bloody discharge |
|
|
Benign breast lesion of 5th decade? |
Phylloides |
|
|
Fibrosis in FCC? |
Hyperplasia of stroma |
|
|
Sclerosing adenosis ? |
Inc acini Intralobular fibrosis |
|
|
Physiologic gynaecomastia? |
At birth Puberty Old age |
|
|
Gynaecomastia drugs? |
Some Drugs Create Awesome Knockers Spironolactone Digoxin Cimetidine Alcohol Ketoconazole |
|
|
Rx of lactational mastitis? |
Dicloxacillin=>continue feeding |
|
|
Most malignant breast ca arise from? |
Terminal ducts Upper outer quadrant |
|
|
Rx of endometritis? |
CAG Clindamycin Ampicillin Gentamicin |
|
|
c-erbB2 encodes? |
HER2/Neu => EGF receptor |
|
|
Breast ca associated with blacks? |
Triple negative |
|
|
ER PR +ve respond to? |
Tamoxifen Aromatase inhibitors |
|
|
Her2/Neu positive responds to? |
Trastuzumab |
|
|
Breast duct epithelium? |
Cuboidal cells lined by myoepithelial cells |
|
|
Benign breast lesions in premenopausal? |
Fibroadenoma=>est sensitive Intraductal papilloma=>bloody discharge |
|
|
Benign breast lesion of 5th decade? |
Phylloides |
|
|
Fibrosis in FCC? |
Hyperplasia of stroma |
|
|
Sclerosing adenosis ? |
Inc acini Intralobular fibrosis |
|
|
Physiologic gynaecomastia? |
At birth Puberty Old age |
|
|
Gynaecomastia drugs? |
Some Drugs Create Awesome Knockers Spironolactone Digoxin Cimetidine Alcohol Ketoconazole |
|
|
Rx of lactational mastitis? |
Dicloxacillin=>continue feeding |
|
|
Most malignant breast ca arise from? |
Terminal ducts Upper outer quadrant |
|
|
Paget cells? |
Large cells in epidermis with clear halo |
|
|
Mutation associated with invasive ductal? |
ERBB2 |
|
|
Paget cells? |
Large cells in epidermis with clear halo |
|
|
Mutation associated with invasive ductal? |
ERBB2 |
|
|
Mutation associated with invasive lobular? |
Dec E-cadherin expression |
|
|
Lymphocytic infiltrate in? |
Medullary ca |
|
|
Paget cells? |
Large cells in epidermis with clear halo |
|
|
Mutation associated with invasive ductal? |
ERBB2 |
|
|
Mutation associated with invasive lobular? |
Dec E-cadherin expression |
|
|
Lymphocytic infiltrate in? |
Medullary ca |
|
|
Dermal lymphatic invasion? |
Inflammatory |
|
|
Mucinous subtype histo? |
Neoplastic cells surrounded by extracellular mucin |
|
|
Extra gonadal germ cell tumors in adults? |
Supra cellar Pineal Madiastinum Retroperitoneum |
|
|
Mucinous subtype histo? |
Neoplastic cells surrounded by extracellular mucin |
|
|
Extra gonadal germ cell tumors in adults? |
Supra cellar Pineal Madiastinum Retroperitoneum |
|
|
Extragonadal germ cell tumor in child? |
Sacrococcygeal area |
|
|
Mucinous subtype histo? |
Neoplastic cells surrounded by extracellular mucin |
|
|
Extra gonadal germ cell tumors in adults? |
Supra cellar Pineal Madiastinum Retroperitoneum |
|
|
Extragonadal germ cell tumor in child? |
Sacrococcygeal area |
|
|
Seminona candidate? |
3rd decade |
|
|
Mucinous subtype histo? |
Neoplastic cells surrounded by extracellular mucin |
|
|
Extra gonadal germ cell tumors in adults? |
Supra cellar Pineal Madiastinum Retroperitoneum |
|
|
Extragonadal germ cell tumor in child? |
Sacrococcygeal area |
|
|
Seminona candidate? |
3rd decade |
|
|
YS tumor candidate? |
<3 years old |
|
|
MC testicular ca in child? |
Yolk sac |
|
|
MC testicular ca in child? |
Yolk sac |
|
|
MC testicular ca in adults? |
Seminoma |
|
|
MC testicular ca in child? |
Yolk sac |
|
|
MC testicular ca in adults? |
Seminoma |
|
|
MC testicular ca in older men? |
Testicular lymphoma(mets) |
|
|
Reinke crystals in? |
Leydig cell ca |
|
|
Reinke crystals in? |
Leydig cell ca |
|
|
Reinke histo? |
Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions |
|
|
Reinke crystals in? |
Leydig cell ca |
|
|
Reinke histo? |
Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions |
|
|
Leydig gross? |
Golden brown tumor |
|
|
Reinke crystals in? |
Leydig cell ca |
|
|
Reinke histo? |
Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions |
|
|
Leydig gross? |
Golden brown tumor |
|
|
BPH involves.....lobes of prostate? |
Lateral & middle |
|
|
Reinke crystals in? |
Leydig cell ca |
|
|
Reinke histo? |
Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions |
|
|
Leydig gross? |
Golden brown tumor |
|
|
BPH involves.....lobes of prostate? |
Lateral & middle |
|
|
Rx of BPH? |
æ1 antagonist 5æ reductase inhibitors PDEs inhibitors |
|
|
Acute prostitis in <35 years old? |
N.gonorrhea C.trachomatis |
|
|
Acute prostitis in <35 years old? |
N.gonorrhea C.trachomatis |
|
|
Acute prostitis in >35 years old? |
Ecoli P.aeruginosa Serratia |
|
|
Prostate lobe involved in prostate adeno ca? |
Posterior lobe |
|
|
Markers associated with prostate adeno ca? |
Prostate acid phosphatase PSA Inc ALP(due to mets) |
|
|
Type of mets of prostatic ca to lumbar spine? |
Osteoblastic |
|
|
Type of mets of prostatic ca to lumbar spine? |
Osteoblastic |
|
|
Symptoms in lumbar mets? |
Inc ALP & PSA lower back pain |
|
|
Type of mets of prostatic ca to lumbar spine? |
Osteoblastic |
|
|
Symptoms in lumbar mets? |
Inc ALP & PSA lower back pain |
|
|
Inc free PSA? |
BPH |
|
|
Type of mets of prostatic ca to lumbar spine? |
Osteoblastic |
|
|
Symptoms in lumbar mets? |
Inc ALP & PSA lower back pain |
|
|
Inc free PSA? |
BPH |
|
|
Dec free & inc total PSA? |
Ca |
|
|
Pain relief with testicular elevation.dx? |
Epididymitis |
|
|
Type of mets of prostatic ca to lumbar spine? |
Osteoblastic |
|
|
Symptoms in lumbar mets? |
Inc ALP & PSA lower back pain |
|
|
Inc free PSA? |
BPH |
|
|
Dec free & inc total PSA? |
Ca |
|
|
Pain relief with testicular elevation.dx? |
Epididymitis |
|
|
Absent cremasteric reflex? |
Testicular torsion |
|
|
Nerve damaged in prostate surgery? |
Cavernous nerve=>corpus cavernous Damaged =>erectile dysfunction |
|
|
Adenomyosis pathophys? |
Hyperplasia of basal layer of endometrium |
|
|
Type of mets of prostatic ca to lumbar spine? |
Osteoblastic |
|
|
Symptoms in lumbar mets? |
Inc ALP & PSA lower back pain |
|
|
Inc free PSA? |
BPH |
|
|
Dec free & inc total PSA? |
Ca |
|
|
Pain relief with testicular elevation.dx? |
Epididymitis |
|
|
Absent cremasteric reflex? |
Testicular torsion |
|
|
Nerve damaged in prostate surgery? |
Cavernous nerve=>corpus cavernous Damaged =>erectile dysfunction |
|
|
Adenomyosis pathophys? |
Hyperplasia of basal layer of endometrium |
|
|
Ovarian ca presentation? |
Adnexal mass Abdominal distension Bowel obstruction Pleural effusion |
|
|
Pudendal nerve block land marks? |
Ischial spine Sacrospinal ligament |
|
|
Structures superior to piriformis? |
Sup gluteal nerves & arteries |
|
|
Structures superior to piriformis? |
Sup gluteal nerves & arteries |
|
|
Structures inferior to piriformis? |
Inf gluteal nerves & arteries Pudendal nerve Sciatic nerve |
|
|
Levator anii muscles? |
PIP Pubococcygeus Illiococcygeus Puborectalis |
|
|
Levator anii muscles? |
PIP Pubococcygeus Illiococcygeus Puborectalis |
|
|
Injury to levator ani muscles? |
Organ prolapse Stress incontinence |
|
|
Levator anii muscles? |
PIP Pubococcygeus Illiococcygeus Puborectalis |
|
|
Injury to levator ani muscles? |
Organ prolapse Stress incontinence |
|
|
1st pouch derivatives? |
Middle ear Mastoid air cells Eustachian tube |
|
|
2nd pouch derivatives? |
Epithelial Lining of palatine tonsils |
|
|
2nd pouch derivatives? |
Epithelial Lining of palatine tonsils |
|
|
Superior parathyroid develops from? |
Dorsal wing of 4th pouch |
|
|
2nd pouch derivatives? |
Epithelial Lining of palatine tonsils |
|
|
Superior parathyroid develops from? |
Dorsal wing of 4th pouch |
|
|
Inferior parathyroid develop from? |
Dorsal wing of 3 pouch |
|
|
2nd pouch derivatives? |
Epithelial Lining of palatine tonsils |
|
|
Superior parathyroid develops from? |
Dorsal wing of 4th pouch |
|
|
Inferior parathyroid develop from? |
Dorsal wing of 3 pouch |
|
|
Pregnancy in Turner syndrome? |
Oocyte dontion Exogenous estradiol Progesterone |
|
|
2nd pouch derivatives? |
Epithelial Lining of palatine tonsils |
|
|
Superior parathyroid develops from? |
Dorsal wing of 4th pouch |
|
|
Inferior parathyroid develop from? |
Dorsal wing of 3 pouch |
|
|
Pregnancy in Turner syndrome? |
Oocyte dontion Exogenous estradiol Progesterone |
|
|
Precursor lesion of vaginal clear cell adenocarcinoma? |
Vaginal adenosis |
|
|
2nd pouch derivatives? |
Epithelial Lining of palatine tonsils |
|
|
Superior parathyroid develops from? |
Dorsal wing of 4th pouch |
|
|
Inferior parathyroid develop from? |
Dorsal wing of 3 pouch |
|
|
Pregnancy in Turner syndrome? |
Oocyte dontion Exogenous estradiol Progesterone |
|
|
Precursor lesion of vaginal clear cell adenocarcinoma? |
Vaginal adenosis |
|
|
Vaginal adenosis? |
Persistence of columnar epithelium in vagina |
|
|
Actinomyces like organisms on PAP smear. Dx? |
IUD |
|
|
Ovarian tumors with inc estrogen? |
Thecoma Granulosa |
|
|
Transabdominal portion of testicular descent hormone? |
MIS |
|
|
Transabdominal portion of testicular descent hormone? |
MIS |
|
|
Transinguinal portion of testicular descent hormone? |
Androgen hCG |
|
|
Spermatocele? On physical exam? |
Cystic dilatation of epididymal duct/rete testis Para testicular fluctuant nodule |
|
|
Dyspareunia associated with? |
Endometrioma |
|
|
Dyspareunia associated with? |
Endometrioma |
|
|
Dysmenorrhea associated with? |
Adenomyosis |
|
|
Fibrocystic histological types? |
Fibrosis Cyst Sclerosing adenosis Epithelial hyperplasia |
|
|
Dyspareunia associated with? |
Endometrioma |
|
|
Dysmenorrhea associated with? |
Adenomyosis |
|
|
Fibrocystic histological types? |
Fibrosis Cyst Sclerosing adenosis Epithelial hyperplasia |
|
|
Fibrocystic types with inc risk of cancer? |
Sclerosing adenosis Epithelial hyperplasia |
|
|
Dyspareunia associated with? |
Endometrioma |
|
|
Dysmenorrhea associated with? |
Adenomyosis |
|
|
Fibrocystic histological types? |
Fibrosis Cyst Sclerosing adenosis Epithelial hyperplasia |
|
|
Fibrocystic types with inc risk of cancer? |
Sclerosing adenosis Epithelial hyperplasia |
|
|
Fibrocystic types with calcification? |
Sclerosing adenosis |
|
|
Meds associated with priapism? |
Sildenafil Trazodone |
|
|
....correlates with size of placenta? |
HPL |
|
|
Female with mullerian abnormalities have? |
unilateral renal agenesis |
|
|
MC genotype of complete mole? Mechanism? |
46 XX Enucleated egg fertilised by single sperm=>duplication of paternal chromosomes |
|
|
Genotype of incomplete mole? Mechanism? |
69 XXX 69 XXY 69 XYY Single egg+2 sperms |
|
|
Mc ovarian overall ca?malignant ca? Risk factors for ovarian cancers dec with? |
Serous cystadenoma Serous cystadenocarcinoma Prev preg Breast feeding OCP tubal ligation |
|
|
Adenomyosis caused by? Symptoms? |
Hyperplasia of basal layer of endometrium=>gland in myometrium Dysmenorrhea,menorrhagia, globular uterus |
|
|
Endometriosis symptoms? |
Dyspareunia dysmenorrhia Dyschezia |
|
|
Bloody nipple discharge dd? |
Intraductal papilloma Ductal ca |
|
|
Endometriosis symptoms? |
Dyspareunia dysmenorrhia Dyschezia |
|
|
Bloody nipple discharge dd? |
Intraductal papilloma Ductal ca |
|
|
Greenish brown discharge in? |
Mammary duct ectasia |
|
|
Periductal mastitis? |
In smokers=> def of vit A=> sub areolar mass with nipple retraction |
|
|
Conditions associated with African American women in gynae? |
Triple negative breast ca Fibroids |
|
|
Condyloma accuminatum viruses? |
Hpv 6>11 |
|
|
Endometriosis symptoms? |
Dyspareunia dysmenorrhia Dyschezia |
|
|
Bloody nipple discharge dd? |
Intraductal papilloma Ductal ca |
|
|
Greenish brown discharge in? |
Mammary duct ectasia |
|
|
Periductal mastitis? |
In smokers=> def of vit A=> sub areolar mass with nipple retraction |
|
|
Conditions associated with African American women in gynae? |
Triple negative breast ca Fibroids |
|
|
Condyloma accuminatum viruses? |
Hpv 6>11 |
|
|
Malignant Breast ca ? |
Inv Ductal=>mc,rock hard,stellate shaped on gross Inv lobular=> E-cad loss Medullary =>lymphocytic infiltrate Inflamm=>skin lymph obstruction =>peau de orange |
|
|
BPH histo? |
Stromal hyperplasia in periurethral zone Glandular hyperplasia in transition zone |
