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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Bicornate Uterus
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**Results from incomplete fusion of the paramesonephric ducts
**Associated w/ URINARY TRACT abnormalities and infertility |
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Congenital Penile Abnormalities
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1) Hypospadias
2) Epispadias |
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Hypospadias
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**Abnormal opening of the penile urethra on the INFERIOR (ventral) side of the penis
**Due to failure of the urethral folds to close |
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Epispadias
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**Abnormal opening of the penile urethra on superior (dorsal) side of the penis due to faulty positioning of the genital tubercle
**Exstrophy of the bladder is associated with epispadias |
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Which is more common?
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HYPOSPADIAS are more common than epispadias
**You want to fix hypospadias to prevent UTIs |
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Klinefelter's Syndrome
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**47XXY
=male =1:850 **Presence of an inactivated X-chromosome (=Barr body) IMAGE 107 |
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Features:
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=Testicular atrophy
=Eunuchoid body shape =Tall, long extremities =Gynecomastia =Female hair distribution **Common cause of hypogonadism seen in infertility workup |
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Turner's Syndrome
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**45XO
=female =1:3000 |
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Features:
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=Short stature
=Ovarian dysgenesis (streak ovary) =Webbing of the neck =Coarcation of hte aorta **MOST COMMON CAUSE of PRIMARY amenorrhea **NO barr body COLOR IMAGE 108 |
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Double Y Males
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47XYY
=male =1:1000 **Observed w/ increased frequency amoung inmates of penal institutions |
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Features:
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=Phenotypically normal
=Very tall =Severe acne =Antisocial behavior --> seen in 1-2% of XYY males |
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Psudohermaphroditism
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**Disagreement between the phenotypic (external genitalia) and gonadal (testes vs. ovaries) sex
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Female Pseudohermaphrodite
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**XX**
**Ovaries are present, but external genitalia are VIRILIZED or ambiguous |
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Cause?
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**Due to excessive and inappropriate exposure to androgenic steroids during early gestation --> i.e.
=CAH =Exogenous administration of androgens during pregnancy |
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Male Pseudohermaphrodite
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**XY**
**Testes present, but external genitalia are FEMALE or ambiguous |
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Cause:
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**Most common form is ANDROGEN INSENSITIVITY SYNDROME
=testicular feminization |
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True Hermaphrodite
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**46XX or 47XXY
**Both ovary and testicular tissue present =ambiguous genitalia **VERY rare |
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Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome
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46XY
**Defect in androgen receptor resulting in NORMAL-appearing female =female external genitalia w/ rudimentary vagina =uterus and uterine tubes generally absent =develops testes--> surgically removed to prevent malignancy |
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Hormone Profile?
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=Increased levels of testosterone, estrogen, and LH
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