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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what two cell types have contact with the Basement membrane in the testes?
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sertoli cells and spermatogonia
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FSH stimulates what cells to produce what?
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FSH stimulates sertoli cells to produce ABP and Inhibin
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LH stimulates which cells to produce what?
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LH stimulates Leydig cells to produce testosterone
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what is the mechanism of finasateride?
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inhibits conversion of Testosterone to DHT by 5-alpha-reductase
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What cells does LH target in the ovary? What is its function?
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LH targets the theca cell. It stimulates desmolase to make androstenedione from cholesterol
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What cells does FSH target in the ovary? What is its function?
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FSH targets the granulosa cell. It stimulates aromatase to convert androstenedione to estrogen.
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At what point during the menstrual cycle is follicular growth the fastest?
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second week of the proliferative phase
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which hormone stimulates proliferation of the endometrium?
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estrogen
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which hormone maintains the endometrium to support implantation?
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progesterone
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which phase of the menstrual cycle is constant? how long is that phase?
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Luteal phase is always 14 days
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a woman reports having a 31 day cycle. On what day is the LH surge?
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Day 16 (LH surge occurs one day before ovulation)
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In what phase are the primary oocytes arrested in a pre-pubescent girl?
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prophase of Meiosis I
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in what phase are the secondary oocytes arrested until fertilization?
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Metaphase of Meiosis II
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which cells secrete B-hCG?
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trophoblasts
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how soon after conception does B-hCG appear in blood and urine?
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1 week it appears in blood, 2 weeks in urine
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how does one know if a woman is entering menopause?
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FSH:LH > 3:1
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what is most common cause of primary amenorrhea?
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turner syndrome
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what cardiac anomalies are associated with turner syndrome?
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coarctation of the aorta
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What is the cause of female pseudohermaphroditism?
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excessive exposure to androgenic steroids during early gestation (ie congenital adrenal hyperplasia or exogenous androgens during pregnancy)
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what is the most common form of male pseudohermaphroditism?
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androgen insensitivity
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what are the features of androgen insensitivity syndrome?
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female external genitalia with rudimentary vagina; testes present in labia majora. high levels of testosterone, estrogen and LH
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What are the features of 5-alpha-reductase deficiency?
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unable to convert testosterone to DHT --> ambiguous genitalia until puberty when increase in testosterone causes masculinization of genitalia "Penis at 12)
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what are the hormone levels of 5-alpha-reductase deficiency?
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LH is normal or increased, testosterone/estrogen levels are normal.
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what is the most common precursor to choriocarcinoma?
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hydatidiform mole
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what is the genotype of a complete mole?
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46,XX - all from paternal genome
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how does one treat a hydatidiform mole?
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curettage and methotrexate
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what hormone is increased in hydatidiform moles?
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B-hCG
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a lack of trophoblastic invasion of spiral arteries in the myometrium can cause what?
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placental ischemia --> preeclampsia
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what is the treatment for eclampsia?
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IV magnesium, sulfate and diazepam
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pregnant woman presents with painful uterine bleeding in 3rd trimester. what is this associated with?
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abruptio placentae --> associated with DIC
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pregnant woman has massive hemorrhage after delivery. what caused this?
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Placenta accreta --> caused by direct attachment of placenta to myometrium
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Pregnant woman has painless bleeding (in any trimester). what is the cause?
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Placenta previa --> attachment of placenta to lower uterine segment (may occlude internal os).
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increased hCG and sudden lower abdominal pain and no bleeding. what is the cause?
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ectopic pregnancy --> can be caused by chlamydia or gonorrhea infection (PID)
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which viruses cause squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix?
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HPV 16 and 18
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