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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Surface ectoderm derivatives |
Adenohypophysis - Rathke pouch Lens of eye Epithelial linings of oral cavity Sensory organs of ear Olfactory epithelium Epidermis Anal canal below pectinate line Parotid Sweat glands Mammary glands |
Craniopharyngoma = benign Rathke pouch tumour - cholesterol crystals, calcifications |
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Neuroectoderm derivatives - ectoD |
Brain - neurohypophysis, CNS neurons, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, ependymal cells, pineal gland Retina Optic nerve Spinal cord |
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Neural crest derivatives - ectoD |
PNS - dorsal root ganglia, cranial nerves, celiac ganglion, Schwann cells, ANS Melanocytes Chromaffin cells - adrenal medulla C/Parafollicular cells of thyroid Pia and arachnoid Odontoblasts Aorticopulmonary septum |
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Mesoderm derivatives |
Muscle Bone Connective tissue Serous linings - peritoneum Spleen CardioV structures Lymphatics Blood Wall of gut tube Vagina Kidneys Adrenal cortex Dermis Testes Ovaries Notochord used to induce neuroE from E => nucleus pulposus of intervertebral disc |
Mesodermal defects = VACTERL Vertebral defects Anal atresia Cardiac defects TEF Renal defects Limb defects |
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Endoderm derivatives |
Gut tube epithelium - anal canal above pectinate line Most of urethra - urogenital sinus Luminal epithelial derivatives - lungs, liver, GB, pancreas, Eustachian tube, thymus, parathyroid, thyroid follicular cells |
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ACE inhibitors |
Renal damage |
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Alkylation agents |
Absence of digits Multiple anomalies |
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Aminoglycosides |
CN8 toxicity |
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Carbamazepine |
Neural tube defects Craniofacial defects Fingernail hypoplasia Developmental delay IUGR |
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DES |
Diethylstilbestrol Vaginal clear cell adenoCa Congenital Mullerian anomalies |
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Folate antagonists |
Neural tube defects |
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Lithium |
Ebstein anomaly = atrialised RV |
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Methimazole |
Aplasia cutis congenita |
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Phenytoin |
Fetal hydantoin syndrome = Microcephaly Dysmorphic craniofacial features Hypoplastic nails and distal phalanges Cardiac defects IUGR Intellectual disability |
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Tetracyclines |
Discoloured teeth |
Teethracyclines |
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Thalidomide |
Limb defects - phocomelia - micromelia = flipper limbs |
ThaLIMBdomide |
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Valproate |
Inhibition of maternal folate absorption Neural tube defects |
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Warfarin |
Bone deformities Fetal haemorrhage Abortion Opthalmologic abnormalities |
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Alcohol abuse |
Fetal alcohol syndrome Birth defects Intellectual disability |
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Cocaine abuse |
AB fetal growth Fetal addiction Placental abruption |
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Smoking abuse |
Low birth weight Preterm labour Placental problems IUGR ADHD |
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Iodine - lack or XS |
Congenital goitre Hypothyroidism = cretinism |
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Maternal DM |
Caudal regression syndrome - anal atresia to sirenomelia Congenital heart defects Neural tube defects |
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Vit A XS |
Extremely high risk of spontaneous abortion Birth defects - cleft palate, cardiac AB |
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X-Rays |
Microcephaly Intellectual disability |
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Fetal alcohol syndrome |
Intellectual disability Pre and post natal developmental retardation Microcephaly Holoprosencephaly Smooth philtrum Thin upper lip Small palpebral fissures Hypertelorism Limb dislocation Heart defects |
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Fetal component of placenta |
Cytotrophoblast = inner layer of chorionic villi - makes cells Syncytiotrophoblast = outer layer - secretes HCG which stimulates corpus luteum to secrete progesterone during first trimester |
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Maternal component of placenta |
Derived from endometrium Maternal blood in lacunae |
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Umbilical cord |
2 arteries = return deoxy blood from fetal int iliac A to placenta 1 vein = supplies oxy blood from placenta to fetus -> IVC via liver or ductus venosus Single UA - A/W congenital and chromosomal anomalies Both derived from allantois |
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Urachus |
3rd week - yolk sac forms allantois - extends into urogenital sinus Allantois => urachus = duct twixt fetal bladder and yolk sac |
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Failure of urachus to obliterate |
Patent urachus - urine discharge from umbilicus Urachal cyst - partial failure of urachus to obliterate - fluid filled cavity lined with uroepiT, between umbilicus and bladder -> infection, adenoCa Vesicourachal diverticulum - outpouching of bladder |
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Vitelline duct |
7th week - obliteration of vitelline duct = omphalo-mesenteric duct - connects yolk sac to midgut lumen |
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Failure of vitelline duct to close |
Vitelline fistula - meconium discharge from umbilicus Meckel diverticulum - partial closure - patent portion attached to ileum = true diverticulum - may have ectopic gastric mucosa +/- pancreatic tissue -> melena, periumbilical pain, ulcers |
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1st A arch derivatives |
Part of maxillary A <- external carotid |
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2nd A arch derivatives |
Stapedial A Hyoid A |
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3rd A arch derivative |
Common carotid A Proximal part of int carotid A |
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4th A arch derivatives |
Aortic arch = L Proximal part of R subclavian A = R |
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6th A arch derivative |
Proximal part of pulmonary As Ductus arteriosus - L only |
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Brachial apparatus |
= pharyngeal apparatus Branchial clefts + arches + pouches |
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Branchial clefts |
Ectoderm = branchial groves 1st - external auditory meatus 2-4th - temporary cervical sinuses - obliterated by proliferation of 2nd arch mesenchyme Persistent cervical sinus -> branchial cleft cyst within lateral neck |
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Branchial arches |
Mesoderm - muscles, arteries Neural crest - bones, cartilage |
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Branchial pouches |
Endoderm |
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1st B arch |
Meckel cartilage - mandible, malleus, incus, spheno-mandibular L Muscles - temporalis, masseter, lateral and medial pterygoids, mylohyoid, ant belly of digastric, tensor tympani, tensor veli palatini Nerves - CN V2 and V3 - chew Treacher Collins syndrome = 1st arch neural crest fails to migrate -> mandibular hypoplasia, facial AB |
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2nd B arch |
Reichert cartilage - stapes, styloid process, lesser horn of hyoid, stylohyoid L Muscles - of facial expressions, stapedius, stylohyoid, platysma, belly of digastric Nerve - CN 7 Congenital pharyngo-cutaneous fistula = persistence of cleft and pouch -> fistula between tonsillar area and lateral neck |
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