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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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disruption of folic acid metabolism
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problems can lead to mitotic inhibition and poor tissue growth
neural tube and cardiac defects and cleft lip and cleft palate seen with antiepileptics |
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oxidative intermediates
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mutation, DNA damage
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constituitive activation of retinoic acid receptor leads to
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defects in limpbs, face, ear, eye
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HOX genes control
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limb and spine development
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meds that bind and activate HOX leading to neural tube defect
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valproid acid (depakote)
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class A
B C D X |
A= no risk
B= safe in animal/bad in animal but not known to be bad for people c= most drugs in this class animal study with adverse effects no studies d=evidence of human risk but benefits may outweigh e= proven risk |
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3 baddies
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thalidomide
accutane bendectin (doxylamine and B6) |
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Phenytoin (dilantin) associated with
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microcephaly
heart defect |
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carbamazepine and valproic acid are assoicated with
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neural tube defects
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phenobarbitol associated with
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cardiac defects and cleft palates
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pseudoephedrine
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bowel atresia
abdominal wall development limb malformations |
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SSRI
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fetal tachypnea
pulmonary hypertension on neonatal withdrawal |
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lithium
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ebstein anomaly (tricuspid)
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heparin
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too large and polar to cross placenta
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warfarin
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crosses placenta
potent teratogen limb and nasal bone development hemmorrhage death mental retardation |
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best safety anti hypertensive agent
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alpha methyl dopa
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ACE inhibitors
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absolutely contraindicated in pregnancy
renal failure failure to make amniotic fluid abnormal skull ossification CNS CV malformations |
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diethylstilbesterol
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uterine and cervical malformation
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oral contraceptives
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no adverse effects
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NSAID
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premature closure of ductus arteriosus late in pregnancy
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used to stop premature labor
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indomethacin
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stain fetal teeth gray
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tetracyclines/doxcyclines
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quinolones
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cartilage development
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methotrexate
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treat ectopic pregnancy
interferes folic acid metabolism |
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only recreational drug related to birth defects
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cocaine
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