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128 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what vitamin is def in colostrun
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vit D
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difference between breat/cow/goat milk.
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breat- low iron
cow- low vit c, high vitk and b12 with casin goat-low folate b12 and iron, high k and cl |
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pregnancy respiratory alkylosis casued by...
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progesterone... also increased RBC, increased GFR, decreased Hb
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promial 2/3 of vagina and uterus drains to...
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obturator, eternal iliac and hypogastic nodes
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suspensory ligaments have what...
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ovarian vessels
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cardinal ligament is contains what...
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uterine vessels (cervix to side wall)
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round ligament is the remnant of what male structure and goes through what...
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gubernaculm and inginal canal
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what ligament is removed in hysterectomy...
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broad
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organ has columnar, pseudostrtified, and tubular glands...
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uterus
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endocervix vs ectocervix...
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simple columnar vs stratifided squamous (vagina is stratified non keratinized)
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nerve that causes emission
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sympathetics hypogastic
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ejeculation innervation
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visceral and somatic nerves from the pudendal
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what does the arcosome and the flagella derive from in the primitive sperm?
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acrosome is the golgi and the flagella is the centriole (feeds on fructose and middles has mitochondia)
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which testicular cell is sensitive to temp and why would serum chem look like if destoryed?
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serotli...dec inhibin with increase FSH (normal test and LH)
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if non disjuction happens early...
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two different in each
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if non dijunction late...
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two same in one
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60% of sperm comes from... 40% from...?
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60 from seminal vesicles-PGE and fructose
40 from postate with zinc and...therefore with zasectomy, still get some |
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testosterone leads to differentiation of all internal reproduction except
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prostate
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closure of epiphyseal plates with testosterone is due to...
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aromatization (fat and sertoli cells have aromatase)
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what are the early and late effects of DHT..
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early- penis, scrotum, prostate
late- bald, prostate and sebaceous |
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potency o estrogens?
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estrodiol (overys)>estrone (fat)> estriol
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effects of estrogen...
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myometrial excitability (opposed by progesterone)
upregulation of estrogen, LH, and progesterone receptors stimulation of prolactin but blocked at breast |
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effects of protein and cholestrol on proteins and cholestrol...
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increase SHBG and increase HDL, with decreased LDL
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which cells in the ovary have aromatase and which have desmolase and 17-oH?
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aromatase is my the granulosa cells and 17/desmolase is theca cells...T to G
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which increases more in preg...estriol, estrodiol, or estrone
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ESTRIOLE (indicator of fetal welling..dec in downs and 18) 1000X...50X for diol and one
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secreted by the copus luteum, placenta, adrenal cortex and testes...decreases excitability of uterus, increases bodt temp and decreases estrogen receptor
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progesterone
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which phase is constant and which phase is varible across woman....
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proliferative/follicular is variable...luteal/secretory is always 14
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when is follicluar growth the fastest...
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during the second week of prolifaratve
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in the secretory phase...which hormones are elevated?
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BOTH estrogen and progerterone
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why does you temp increase during ovulation?
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progesterone...also think of follicular rupture mimic appendicit
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what is 1 oocyte locked in for most of life
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Prophase 1
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what is a 2 oocyte locked in until ferilization?
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metaphase 2 (p1...m2)
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when is meoisis 1 and meoisis 2 compete?
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meiosis 1 at ovulation...meiosis 2 at fetilization
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when does implantation occur after fetilization?
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6 days
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when is bhCG detected in blood and when is it detected in urine?
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one week and 2 weeks
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what indices lactation after labor?
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decreases progresterone, then sucking for oxytocin (nerve stimulation)
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when does bhCG peak? which hormones continue to rise (think of the graph)
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peaks at 10 weeks then goes down...prolactin, progesterone (decreases causes lactation), esttiol all increase
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when and why does the curpus luteum degenerate?
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during the 2nd and 3rd trimester the placenta can make its own progesterone and estriol
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what makes yonger menopasue
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smoking
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what is the source of estrogen after menopause?
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peripheral converson of androgens...estrone
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what is the best marker for menopause?
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increase FSH (decreased inhibin) increase LH decreased estrogen
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male with dec inhib and testosterone with increase LH and FSH and increased estrogen
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barr bodies and unilaterl gynecmastia
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streak ovary, bicupid aoric valve, without barr bosy, decreased estrogen and increaed gonadotropes
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never menstrated with increase LH and FSH...hypogonasim...fertile with IVF
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female psuedoherm causes
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female genital with massive exposure to androgens...exogenous of CAH
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male psuedoherm
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male testes with female characteristics....androgeninsesitivity (rudamentry vagina)
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difference in androgen insensitivity vs 5alpha-reductase def...
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andro insens- increase LH/FSH/Test
penis at 12- normal TEST/LH |
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discover a male has androgen insensitivy disorder...what is the next step
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locate the testes in the labia major and remove them for fear of malignancy
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hypogonadism with problems smelling
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kallmann syndrome with decrease GnRH and downstream affetcs
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effects of no sertoli cells...
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no inhib of mullerian system therefor will get female by default.... and if theres testosterone around, they will be male outside
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woman presents with uterus sized at 20 weeks but she is only 8 weeks gestation
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compete mole
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woman with hypertension in the first 20 weeks of pregnancy?
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molar pregnancy
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worries with molar pregnancy?
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chorecarcinoma and uterine rupture (from size)
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which has greater risk of becoming a malignant?
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complete mole (46 XX of XY both parenal...uniparental disomy no fetal parts)
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common cause of miscarriage in first week?
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low progresterone... no bhcg
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common cause of miscarriage in first trimester?
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chromosomal abnorm (robersonian translcations)
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common cause of miscarriage in second trimester?
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bicornate uterus
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other casues of miscarriage?
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thyroid, antiphosphilid anitbodies, DM and infections
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HTN after 20 weeks gestation... shows FACIAL edema, blurry vision? with hyperuricemia and thrombocytopenia
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pre-eclampsia....due to leaky vessels (eclampsia comes from leaking into brain)
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treatment for pre-eclampsia?
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Mg sulfate with tox of decrease DTR and pulmoary edema
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hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelets...
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HELLP syndrome
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worry with eclampsia?
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DIC, pulmonary edema, seizures
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painful bleeding in the third trimester associated with DIC and caused by cocaine use
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placenta abrupto
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massive bleeding in after delivery , with patient who had prior hx of c section and placenta previa...would would you see on histo
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decidua in the myometrium due to depth of attachment of the placenta
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painless bleeding in ANY trimester
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placenta previa
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causes of ectopic preg
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hx of infertility, PID, rupture appendix causing adhesions, prior tubal preg, concurrent IUD (give MTX)
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postpartum hemorrhage cause?
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think placenta accreta then do to retained placental tissue
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insulin from baby, cause caudal regression, and often transpostion with renal agenesis and oligo
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gestational DM
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poly hyramnios vs oligo hydramnios
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poly is 1.5L
oligo is under .5 |
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weird causes of polyhyramnios
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DM...big baby makes lots of urine
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common cause of baby with oligohydramnios which is a boy?
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posterior urethral valves....cant excrete urine
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patient with multiple sexual partners has sudden renal failure and ultrasound show anatomical blockage of ureter?
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cervical cancer spreads locally
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sand paper skin of the vagina what looks white, itches and is caused by autoimmune
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lichen sclerosis
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chocolate cysts
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can cause infertility....endometriosis
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sawtooth appearence of the myometrium
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adenomysosis
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teatment for leiomyoma
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menopause ot continueous leoprolide
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miscarriage with woman who has leiomyoma...
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compression of the fallopian tubes
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aggressive tumor that has a tendency to reoccur in the vagina and my protrude from the cervix, stains with desmin and is common in middle aged woman
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leiomyosarcoma
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if you suspect premature ovarian failure...whats the best thing to check?
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their FSH level or LH... will have low inhibin
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causes of anovulation
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PCOS, fibrosis from ashermans, thyroid, eating disorder/excercie with no GnRH, cushings
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labs with PCOS?
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increase testosterone increased estrogen increased LH decreased FSH...give spiro, clomiphene wight loss!, OCPS
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unruptrued follicle (follicular cyst) associaed wtih?
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hyperestrogenism and hyperplasia
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hemorrhage into CL which regresses spontaneously...
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CL cyst
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bilateral cyst due to gonadotropin stimulation and associated with pregnancy, choriocarcinoma and moles (bhCG)...
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theca lutein cyst
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sheets of uniform cells in overian tumor...increased hCG and LDH!
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dysgeminoma
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choriocarcinoma (syncytotrophoblasts) cause increase in theca luteal cysts...happen after?
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molar preg, ectopic preg, abortion, or normal preg...ALL
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primitive glomeruli in a yellow tumor of the ovary... can show in the sacrococcigeal area
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yolk sac increase AFP (endodermal sinus)
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teratoma that contains thyroid is a
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stuma ovarii
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marker for peritoneal irritation
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Ca 125
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50% of ovarian tumors, bilateral, psmommoma body...at rick with which conditions...
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serous carinoma (HNPCC and BRACA1)
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what is the most imporatnt risk factor for seroous csytadenocarinoma
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family hx with HNPCC and BRACA1
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pt with pulling sensation in groin...bundles of spindle shaped fibroblasts cause______ and systemically can cause
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fibra with meigs causing ascites and hydrothorax
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precocious puberty in young and endometrial hyperplasia in old...
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granulosa cell tumor with call exner bodies which are folliclues filled with eosinophilic secretions
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spindle shaped cells that are desmin positive coming out the vagina of a young girl or in the face/neck area
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rhabdomyosarcoma
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most common breat TUMOR...not breat cancer precursor...
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fibroadenoma
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LARGE mass in old bitch...leafy appearence...small chance of malig
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phylloodies tumor
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risks for breast cancer
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total estrogen exposure, total number menstral cycle, older at first birth, obestity
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ductal lumen full of cells
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DCIS
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weird mets... orderly row of cells...loss of e-cadherins
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lobular
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lymphocytic infiltrate with breast cancer.... better prog
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medullary...mets to periotoneum
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eczemaous, ooze, crust, ulcer, bleed on breast...
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pagets disease think underlying cancer
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dimpling of breast and new dimple retraction...
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dimpling- invasive cooper ligament (suspensory ligament)
nipple retracton- lactiferous duct involve |
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painful breast with... fibrosis, hyperplasia, cystic, blue dome cyst, ductal dilation, sclerosising adenosis with increased acini and fibrosis and calcificationsm epithelial hyperplasia (increaed number of cells in terminal ductal lobule)
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fibrocystic change....only bad if atypia... caffine makes worse
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painless lump in PE teacher
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fat necrosis... 50% no trauma
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marjuana, heroin psychoactive drugs...
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gynecomastia
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where it all happens....
major duct? terminal duct? lobules? stroma? |
major-fibrocystic change, DCIS
terminal duct- tubular carinoma lobules- LC and sclerosing adenosis stroma-phyloodes and fibroadenoma |
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acute protatitis in young, and then old then chronic
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young- gon/chlamy
old- ecloi chronic- abacterial |
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increased total PSA and DECREASED free PSA with increased alk phos
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prostate cancer
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seminiferous tubules look hylanized and atrophic... what is the risk if this was caused by lack of dissention
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cancer ...caused by prematurity...sertoli cells are sensitive therefore FSH will increase
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painless testicular mass between ages 15-35, cells with fried egg appearence (uniform),...treat with
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radiation (LDH increase in female)
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Painful testicular mass with papillary archetecture and can increase bHCG and AFP
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embyonal...differntiate into other things
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yellow tumor in sack with primitive glomeruli increased AFp
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yolk sac
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Reinke crystals, precocious puberty in boys with color of hormon synth... can cause gynecomastia in men because of periph conversion
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leydig cell tumor
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1 white plaque on shaft vs one red lesion on glans vs multiple lesions in younger
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Bowens (10%SCC)
erthroplasia de queyat bowenoid papulosis |
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candidiasis infection of the foreskin
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balanitis
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start up flare with leoprolide
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when given continuously both T and DHT elevate then they decrline
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weird uses of testoterone...
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anabolic state- burn or injury
exemestane- ER breat cancer... but causes increased LDL and closure of plates |
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patient is given finasteride and after a significant perior of time there is no drop in PSA...
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cancer is keeping it up because PSA is supposed to go down
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androgen receptor blocker used in prostate cancer
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flutamide
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side effects of ketoconazole (desmolase) and spiro...
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gynecomast and ammonnhea
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partial estrogen agonist that works at the hypothalmus to decrease feedback inhibition
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clomoiphene... can cause simultaneous preg and visual distrub
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ana EXudes AROMA
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aromatase inhib anastrozole and exemestane
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contraindications of OCP...
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over 35 smoker or hx of clots
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negatives of OCP...
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increase TG and #1 is hypertension (but they do decrease endometrial and ovarian cancer)
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tamulosin
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specific for alpha receptors a and d which are in the prostate
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patient with blue-green color problems, dyspenia, flushing and headache...
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must be taking the blue gree little pill
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what does metyraprone test?
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blocks cortisol synth to see if ACTH stimulation works becasue DOC doesnt feed back
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dopamine does what to labs...
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decrease GnRH, decrease estrogen
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mullarian agen?
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no development of fallopian uterus cervix and upper vag but with normal secondary sexual characteristic and hormone profile
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