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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Sex chromosomes |
X and Y chromosomes |
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Gametes: sperm or ova |
Mature reproductive cell that have only one copy of every chromosome |
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Gonades (ovaries or testes) |
Sort of sex organ that produces gametes |
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Sex chromosomes, gonads, sex hormones, internal reproductive anatomy, external anatomy |
5 factors present at birth that determine biological sex |
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External anatomy, internal reproductive anatomy |
Three category of sex organ |
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Sex |
Defined at birth by sex chromosomes, hormones and organs |
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Sexual orientation |
One romantic or sexual attraction |
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Sexual identity |
An individual conception of themselves in term of sexual identity |
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Mullerian system |
Embryonic precursor of female internal sex organs |
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Wolffian system |
Embryonic precursor of male internal sex organs |
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Undifferentiated gonads |
Embryonic precursor of ovaries/testes |
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Defeminizing effect |
Effect of anti-mullerian hormone early in developmen, which prevents development of the internal anatomy typical of females |
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Masculinizing effect |
Effect of androgen early in development, which promotes anatomical characteristics typical of males |
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Androgens |
Male sex steroid hormones |
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Turner syndrome |
When you have only one sex chromosomes (X0) |
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Swyer syndrome |
When you are XY, but have a bad SRY gene |
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Insufficient anti-mullerian hormone signaling |
Male and female internal sex organ with functional external male genitalia. |
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Insufficient androgen hormone |
No internal sex organ, external female genitalia and identify as a heterosexual woman |
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Androgen insensitivity syndrome |
Classic intersex condition |
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Organizational effect |
Sex hormones influence the development of the body and brain. |
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Behavioral defeminization |
Organizational effect of androgens on the brain that prevents animals from displaying female-typical behaviors in adulthood |
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Behavior masculinization |
Organizational effect of androgens on the brain that enables animals to engage on male-typical behaviors in adulthood |
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Activational effect |
Sex hormones influence body and mind (ex: sperm production, ovulation, etc) |
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Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) |
Excess androgen signaling from the adrenal glands in woman |
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Kisspeptin |
Neuropeptide produced by neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus that initiates puberty and maintains reproductive ability by triggering release of gonadotropin-releasing hormones |
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Gonadotropin-releasing hormone |
Hypothalamic hormone that stimulates anterior pituitary gland to secrete gonadotropic hormone |
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Gonadotropic hormones |
Hormones of pituitary gland that have stimulating effect on cell of gonads |
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Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) |
Type of gonadotropic hormones |
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Estrogen |
Class of sex hormones typically released by the ovaries that cause maturation of the physical feature characteristics of females. |
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Estradiol |
Principal estrogen in many mammals, including humans |
