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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Where are Spermatogonia located and what are they?
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In the seminiferous tubules (in the testes) they maintain the germ pool for sperm and produce primary spermatocytes
*They are germ cells |
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What is the progression of the development of sperm?
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spermatogonium - primary spermatocyte, secondary spermatocyte, spermatid, spermatozoan
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Where are Sertoli cells? What do they do?
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They are non-germ cells in the seminiferous tubules :
- Secrete inhibin (inhibits FSH), - Secretes androgen-binding protein (ABP): maintains level of testosterone -Supports and nourish developing spermatozoa - Regulates spermatogensis - Produces anti-mullerian hormone (so female parts don't develop, because female is default) - tight junctions between adjacent Sertoli cells from blood-testis barrier - isolate games from autoimmune attack |
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Where are Leydig cells? What do they do?
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They are endocrine cells locatein the interstitium that secrete testosterone
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What makes up semen?
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60% of total volume: products from the seminal vesicle (Fructose, ascorbic acid, prostaglandins, phosphyorylcholine, flavins)
20% of total volume: products from the prostate (zinc, citric acid, phosphyolipids, acid phosphatase, fibrinolysin) rest is sperm |
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What things in semen come from the seminal vesicle?
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PPAFF
Prostaglandins, Phosphorylcholine, Ascorbic acid, Fructose, Flavins |
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What things in semen come from the prostate?
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ZACPF
Zinc Acid phosphatase Citric acid Phospholipids Fibrinolysin |
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When does spermatogensis start? What does it start with? How long does it take the sperm to fully develop?
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At puberty - starts with spermatogonium - takes sperm 2 months to fully develop (happens in seminiferous tubules)
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What does spermatogenesis produce?
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spermatids that undergo spermiogensis (loss of cytoplasmic contents, gain of acrosomal cap) to form mature spermatozoan
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Spermatogenesis vs. spermiogensis
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Spermatogenesis takes spermatogonium and turns it into spermatid
Spermiogenesis takes a spermatid and turns it into a spermatozoan |
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Where does blood from the left ovary/left testis drain?
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Into the left gonadal vein - into the left renal vein - into the inferior vena cava (just like how the left adrenal vein drains into the left renal vein before dumping into the inferior vena cava)
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Where does blood from the right ovary/testis drain?
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Into the right gonadal vein and directly into the inferior vena cava (right drains right into the inferior vena cava)
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Where is a varicocele more common?
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on the left side
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Where does lymph drain from the ovaries/testis?
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para-aortic lymph nodes
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Where does lymph drain from the distal 1/3 of the vagina, vulva, and scrotum?
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superficial inguinal nodes
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Where does lymph drain from the proximal 2/3 of vagina and the uterus?
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Obturator, external iliac and hypogastric nodes
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What is the pouch of douglas in between?
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The rectum and the uterus
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What does the suspensory ligament of the ovaries connect to? What structures are in it?
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Connects ovaries to lateral pelvic wall - contains ovarian vessels
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What does the cardinal ligament connect to and what structures are in it?
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Connects the cervix to the side wall of the pelvis and it has the uterine vessels
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What does the round ligament of the uterus connect? And what structures are in it? What is it derived from? Where does it travel?
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Connects uterine fundus to labia majora - NO structures are in it (round like the number of structures it carries: 0)
from the gubernaculum - travels in the round inguinal canal |
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What does the broad ligament connect? What does it contain?
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Connects the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries to the side wall. Contains ovaries, fallopian tubes, and round ligament of the uterus
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What does the ligament of the ovary connect?
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The ovary to the uterus
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What forms an erection?
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Parasympathtic nervous system (pelvic nerve):
1. NO - increase cGMP - smooth muscle relaxation - vasodilation - proerectile 2. NE - increase Ca2+ - smooth muscle contraction - vasoconstriction - antierectile |
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What allows emission to occur?
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Sympathetic nervous system (hypogastric nerve)
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What allows ejaculation to occur?
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visceral and somatic nerves (pudendal nerve)
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What do Sildenafil and vardenafil do?
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inhibit cGMP breakdown
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When does derivation of sperm parts occur?
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during the final phase of spermatogenesis (spermiogenesis): spermatid to spermatozoa
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Where is the acrosome and flagellum of the sperm derived from?
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acrosome: golgi apparatus
flagellum (tail): centrioles |
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What does the middle piece of the sperm have?
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mitochondria
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What does the sperm feed on?
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fructose (Feeds on Fructose)
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