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33 Cards in this Set
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Brucellosis
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last trimester abortions
retained fetal membranes and metritis fetal membranes are edematous, hemorrhagic, leathery and necrotic fetal lesion - bronchopneumonia infection occurs by ingestion of genital discharges |
Brucella abortis - gram negative
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Brucella abortis in people
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undulant fever from drinking raw or improperly pasturized milk or from exposure to infective discharges
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Prevention of Brucellosis
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Heifer calves dare vaccinated with RB51 between 4 and 10 months of age
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most states are brucella free
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Leptosporosis
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Significant gross lesions are rare
urine infected water through abraded skin or mucus membranes |
L. ponoma - last trimester
L. hardjo - all stages *zoonotic |
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Lepto in humans
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farm workers and slaughterhouse imployees
flu-like symptoms to meningitis and hepato-renal disease |
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Lepto prevention
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5 way vaccine
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Listeriosis
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abortions in last trimester
fetuses often retained in utero for several days before expulsion and are AUTOLYSED necrosis of cotyledonary and intercodyldeonary exudates retained fetal membranes, endometritis, fever, neutropenia and weight loss |
serovars 1 and 4b of Listeria monocytogenes - gram positive organism
*zoonotic potential |
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Salmonellosis
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second half of gestation, very rare
abortion caused by infection of fetal membranes and fetus or may be due to secondary hyperthermia ans stress of enteritis and septicemia in cow |
Salmonella typhimurium
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Campylobacteriosis (vibriosis)
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C. fetus venerealis - infertility and early abortion (2-4 months)
C. fetus intestinalis - third trimester |
C. fetus venerealis, C. fetus intestinalis - gram negative
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Campylobacter prevention
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antibiotic treated semen
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Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis
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Infection and intrauterine death of the fetus and abortion 2 to 5 days later
mid gestation to term RENAL and ADRENAL necrotic lesions |
Bovine Herpes Virus
BHV 1.2b = upper respiratory form, "red nose" BHV 1.1 and 1.2 = abortive forms |
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Prevention of IBR
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MLV at 6 months and booster at 9-12 months, booster (MLV or killed) given post partum
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Bovine Virus Diarrhea
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abortion may not occur in all cases and depends on the stage of gestation.
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MLV vaccine
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Mycotic abortions in cattle
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80-90% caused by Aspergillus spp
5th through 8th month of gestation fetus appears normal 30% of the time, may have mold growth on the skin CHORION IS THICK, EDEMATOUS, LEATHERY AND NECTOTIC Primary lesions in the palcentomes (necrotic and enlarged) abortion results from slow placentitis and fetal death |
Aspergillus fumigatus
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Trichomoniasis
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venereal transmissino
early embryonic death, infertility, rarely abortion |
Protozoan, Tritrichomonas fetus
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Neosporosis
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newly recognized
abortion at day 100 lifelong infection vertical transmission horizontal transmission from dog |
Neospora caninum, protozoan
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what's the causative agent of contagious equine endometritis?
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Taylorella equigenitalis
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Taylorella equigenitalis
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causes contagious equine endometritis
transmitted venereally copious mucopurulent discharge abortion possible, but rare |
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when is the highest incidence of bacterial abortions in mares?
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between 5th and 10th month of gestation.
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Bacteria cannot be implicated in abortion merely by their presence, what must there be?
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evidence of autolysis and inflammatory changes determined by examination of fetal tissue and fetal membranes
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what's the most common cause of bacterial abortion in mares?
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streptococcus zooepidemicus
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how does strep zooepidemicus cause abortion in mares?
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organisms ascent through the cervix and cause placentits followed by fetal death and abortion.
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How does a fetus appear after being aborted due to strep zooepidemicus infection?
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variable degrees of autolysis, congestion and yellowish-red discoloration of tissues. Excessive fluid is found in pleural and peritoneal cavitites
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how can you prevent strep zooepidemicus abortion?
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good hygiene. no vaccine is available
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what are differentials for a mare that has aborted her fetus and has systemic signs of illness?
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Salmonessa abortus equi and typhimirium
Equine viral arteritis Equine infectious anemia Leptosporosis |
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Is there an equine vaccine for lepto?
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no, and cattle vaccine efficacy for horses is questionable
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differentials for extensive placentitis that has plaques in a horse?
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Nocardioform actinomycete
Aspergillus fumigatis |
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A fresh fetus is expelled with intact fetal membranes from a mare that has no signs of systemic illness - what is your top differential?
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Equine Herpes Virus 1
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How is EHV-1 transmitted?
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inhalation of infectious aerosol
direct contact with infected secretions contaminated drinking water |
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How do you vaccinate against EHV-1? does it confer complete protection?
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Killed or MLV vaccine at 5,7,9 months or 3,5,7,9 months of gestation depending on severity of problem.
It does not guarantee protection, but will decrease incidence of abortion due to EHV-1 |
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How does EVA cause abortion?
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It causes severe systemic and respiratory disease with abortion as a secondary complication.
Abortion occurs 1-4 days after onset of clinical signs. It occurs as a result of necrotizing metritis accompanied by autolytic chagnes in fetus and membranes |
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Why does abortion occur with twins in mares?
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Insufficient placenta to support both fetuses.
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how can abortion be induced in a mare?
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Twice daily injections with PGF2alpha between days 80 and 180 of gestation
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