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71 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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where is SHH gene produced? |
base of limb in zone of polarizing activity |
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SHH mutation can cause? |
holoprosencephaly |
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where is Wnt-7 gene produced? |
apical ectodermal ridge |
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what is importance of Wnt-7 gene? |
dorsal ventral axis |
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where is FGF gene produced? |
apical ectodermal ridge |
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function of FGF gene? |
lengthening of limbs |
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function of Homeobox gene? |
segmental organization of embryo in craniocaudal direction. |
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what does Hox gene code for? |
transcription factors |
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what does Hox mutation result in? |
wrong location of appendages |
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notochord arises in which week? |
week 3 |
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notochord arises from? |
midline mesoderm |
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overlying notochord ectoderm forms? |
neural plate |
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upper vagina lower vagina |
upper vagina= mesoderm lower vagina= endoderm |
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testes and ovaries from which layer of embryo? |
mesoderm |
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alkylating agent causes? |
absence of digits |
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anti-epileptics cause? |
phalanx/nail hypoplasia and facial dysmorphism |
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DES cause? |
congenital Mullerian anomalies |
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warfarin causes? |
bone deformity, fetal hemorrhage, abortion, ophthalmologic abnormalities |
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cocaine basically causes? |
vasoconstriction |
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smoking causes? |
SIDS |
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nicotine basically causes? |
vasoconstriction |
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maternal diabetes causes? |
caudal regression syndrome (anal atresia to sirenomelia), Congenital heart disease. NTDs and macrosomia |
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Alcohol mechanism of teratogen is? |
failure of cell migration |
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alcohol might cause? |
heart lung fistulas and holoprosencephaly |
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cytotrophoblast makes? |
cells |
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syncytiotrophoblast makes? |
hormones |
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why does not immune system attack syncytiotrophoblast? |
lacks MHC-1 expression |
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HcG is like which hormone? |
LH |
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where does umbilical artery and vein drain? |
Umbilical artery from fetal internal iliac artery vein in IVC |
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umbilical artery and vein are derived from? |
allantois |
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allantois is formed in? when?
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in yolk sac in 3rd week |
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urachal cyst leads to? |
infection and adenocarcinoma |
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what happens in vesicourachal diverticulum |
outpouching of bladder |
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in which week obliteration of vitelline duct occurs? |
7th week |
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vitelline duct is also called? |
omphalo-mesenteric duct |
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symptoms of meckel diverticulum? |
melena hematochezia abdominal pain |
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persistent cervical sinus is known as? |
branchial cleft cyst within lateral neck |
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does branchial cyst move during swallowing ? |
NO |
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larynx is supplied by which arch? |
6th except cricothyroid (4th) |
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chromosome for digeorge syndrome? |
22q11 deletion |
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nasal processes involved in cleft lip |
maxillary and medial (primary palate) |
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nasal processes involved in cleft palate |
lateral palatine shelves, nasal septum, median palatine shelves (secondary palate) |
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paramesonephric duct |
female |
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mesonephric duct |
males as leydig cells secrete androgens that stimulate mesonephric ducts |
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what develops from mullerian duct? |
fallopian tube, uterus, upper portion of vagina. male remnant is appendix testis |
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wolfian duct develops? |
seminal vesicles epididymis ejaculatory duct ductus deferens (SEED) remnant is gartner duct |
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what organ is not developed by wolfian duct? |
prostate |
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SRY gene is? |
testis determining factor |
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hypospadias epispadias |
hypospadias= failure of urethral folds to fuse epispadias= faulty positioning of genital tubercle |
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injuries of suspensory and cardinal ligaments |
ovarian (suspensory)= oophorectomy uterine (cardinal)= hysterectomy |
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pathway of sperm during ejaculation |
SEVEN UP Seminiferous tubules Epididymis Vas deferens Ejaculatory duct Nothing Urethra Penis |
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arrest of meiosis 1 and 2 |
meiosis 1= prophase 1 meiosis 2= metaphase 2 |
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breastfed infants require which hormone supplementation? |
vitamin D |
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sex chromosome disorder are mostly because of? |
meiotic nondisjunction |
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barr body is also present in ? |
kline felter syndrome |
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klinefelter hormones |
increase FSH , LH and estrogen decrease inhibin B and testosterone |
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no barr body is present in? |
turner syndrome |
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in which disease there is menopause before menarche? |
turner syndrome |
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what is fertility of double y males? |
normal |
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ovotesticular disorder is also called? |
true hermaphroditism |
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cocaine abuse can cause? |
placental abruption |
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sarcoma botryoides |
spindle shaped cels desmin + |
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invasive carcinoma of cervix leads to? |
renal failure |
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premature ovarian failure leads to? |
decrease estrogen increase LH, FSH |
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what is follicular cyst? |
unruptured graafian follicle |
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granolas cell tutor can also be caused by? |
endometrial hyperplasia |
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endometritis treatment |
gentamicin+clindamycin+/- ampicillin |
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which breast carcinoma has lymphocytic infiltrate? |
medullary carcinoma |
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reinke crystals are present in? |
leydig cell tumors |
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difference between cancer and BPH PSA |
cancer: decrease free PSA and total PSA increase BPH: free PSA increase |
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which PDE 5 inhibitor is used for BPH? |
tadalafil |
