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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Amnion
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The fluid filled sac that surrounds the embryo, protecting it from infection, dehydration, impact, and changes in temperature
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Anaphase
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The phase of mitosis during which the chromosomes split and single strands of genetic information move to opposite ends of the cell
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Asexual Reproduction
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A form of reproduction that results in offspring with identical genetic information to the parent
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Benign
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A term used to describe a cancerous tumour that cannot spread to other parts of the body, and is generally harmless
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Binary Fission
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The form of asexual reproduction in which the organism splits directly into two equal- sized offspring, each with the parent's genetic material.
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Budding
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The form of asexual reproduction in which the offspring begins as a small outgrowth of the plant and eventually breaks off, becoming an organism on its own
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Cancer
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The term used to describe a cancerous tumour that remains in a confined area, causing little damage to the organism
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Carcinogen
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Any substance or energy that can cause cancer
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Cell Cycle
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The sequence in events in a cell from carrying out their normal functions to the process of cell division
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Cell Membrane
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A covering around a cell that controls the movement os materials into and out of the cell
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Cervix
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The muscular opening between the vaginal and the uterus
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Chromosome
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Thread-like structure that contains genetic information
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Cilia
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Tiny hair like organs that line the oviduct and move the zygote towards the uterus
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Cloning
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The process of forming identical offspring from a single cell or tissue
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Conception
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The process of fertilization in which the head of the sperm cell breaks through the cell membrane of the egg.
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Conjugation
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The simplest form of sexual reproduction in which two cells come together and exchange genetic information
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Crossbreeding
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The process in which pollen is taken from one plant and used to fertilize the eggs of another plant
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Cytokinesis
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The process in cell division in which the cytoplasm and its contents separate into equal parts
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Cytoplasm
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The area of the cell where nutrients are absorbed, transported, and processed
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Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
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The genetic chemical found in all living things
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DNA Fingerprinting
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The process of using DNA material from a few cells to identify an individual
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Egg
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The female sex cell
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Embryo
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The stage in development when a fertilized egg has divided to form a hollow ball over 100 cells
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Endometrium
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The thick lining of the uterus that provides nourishment for the zygote and embryo
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Epididymis
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A coiled structure near the testes where sperm development is completed
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External Fertilization
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The process in which the male sperm cells are united with the female egg cells outside the female's body
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Fetus
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The term used to describe a developing unborn baby from the eighth week after conception until the moment of birth
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Flagellum
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A whip like tail that propels the sperm cell
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Follicle
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A group of cells, including a reproductive cell, inside the ovary of the female
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Fragmentation
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The form of asexual reproduction in which a new organism is formed from a part that breaks off from the parent
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Gametes
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Specialized sex cells that combine to form a zygote
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Gene
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A small unit of DNA that contains the information necessary for all cell functions and that determines the characteristics of an individual
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Genetic Engineering
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The transfer of genes from the DNA of one organism to another
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Grafting
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The process of attaching branches from one type of tree on to another type of tree
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Hermaphrodite
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An organism that creates both male and female sex cells within the same body
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Hormone
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A chemical that acts as a messenger between cells
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Interphase
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The period between cell divisions during which the cell grows and duplicates the chromosomes in the nucleus
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Internal Fertilization
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A process in which the make sperm is united with the female egg cell inside the female's body
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Malignant
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The tem used to describe a cancerous tumour that spawns cells that can spread to other parts of the body
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Miscarriage
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A spontaneous abortion
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Menstruation
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The process in nonpregnant women during which the endometrium is shed from the uterus through the vagina
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Metaphase
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An organelle that stores proteins and packages them for release inside or outside the cell
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Mitosis
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The process by which nuclear material is divided during cell division
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Mutation
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A change in the genetic code`
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Nucleus
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The main organelle of the cell, which directs the cell's activities of atom
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Organelle
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A specialized structure inside plant and animal cells
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Ovary
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The primary reproductive organ of the female
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Oviduct
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The part of the female reproductive system where fertilization of the egg cell takes place
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Ovulation
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The process during which the ovary wall bursts and the egg cell is released into the oviduct
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Placenta
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An organ formed in the womb that allows nourishment of the embryo from blood vessels
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Pollen
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The male sex cells of a flower
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Pollination
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The process where pollen is moved from the anther to the female egg cells to fertilize those cells
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Prophase
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The phase of mitosis during which the individual chromosomes shorten and thicken and the membrane around the nucleus starts to dissolve
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Selective Breeding
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A method of reproduction that results in several generations of offspring all having the same desired characteristics
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Seminiferous Tubules
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Tiny twisting tubes inside the testis that produce sperm cells
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Sexual Reproduction
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Reproduction in which genetic information from two cells is combined to produce a new organism
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Sperm
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Male sex cells
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Spore Formation
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The form of asexual reproduction in which the organism undergoes cell division to produce smaller, identical cells, called spores, that are usually housed within the parent cell
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Surrogate
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A woman who carries a baby to term and returns it to the genetic parents
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Telophase
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The phase of mitosis during which the chromosomes reach the opposite poles of the cell and a new nucleus membrane starts to form around each set
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Trimester
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One of three stages in human pregnancy
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Tumour
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A mass or lump formed by abnormal rapid cell division
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Traits
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A characteristic of a plant, including its size, hardiness, yield, or flavour
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Testis
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The reproductive organ of the male mammal
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Umbilical cord
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The cordlike structure that connects the embryo to the placenta
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Uterus
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The organ in the female reproductive system in which the fertilized egg becomes embedded and develops into a fetus
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Vagina
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Birth canal leading from the opening of the vulva to the cervix
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Vegetative Reproduction
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The form of asexual reproduction in which a plant produces slender stems that take root and develop into new plants
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Zygote
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A fertilized egg; the product of sexual reproduction
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