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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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During perimenopause, is there is an increase or decrease in FSH? Why?
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During perimenopause, is there is an increase or decrease in FSH? INCREASE… Why? REDUCED ESTRADIOL PRODUCTION
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T/F Estrogen is chronically low during perimenopause, but progesterone is always made.
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FALSE: Estrogen has wide swings from low to high during perimenopause, and progesterone is not always made.
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What are the causes of abnormal bleeding and tender breasts during perimenopause?
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What are the causes of abnormal bleeding and tender breasts during perimenopause? VARIATIONS IN ESTROGEN and PROGESTERONE ISN'T ALWAYS MADE
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What is the most commone symptom of perimenopause?
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What is the most commone symptom of perimenopause? Hot flushes
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What is the theoretical cause of hot flushes?
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thermoregulator wants to lower the body temperature --> vasodilation and and sweating
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Which catacholamine rises during hot flushes, epi or NE? and which falls?
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Which catacholamine rises during hot flushes, epi or NE? EPI rises and NE falls
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What is the mechanism of action for phytoestrogens in the Rx of hot flushes of perimenopause?
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What are phytoestrogens? Plant derived compounds… What is the mechanism of action for phytoestrogens in the Rx of hot flushes of perimenopause? They bind weakly to E-®
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What is the mechanism of action of estrogens in the Rx of hot flushes?
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What is the mechanism of action of estrogens in the Rx of hot flushes? Reduces vasomotor symtoms (dilation)
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T/F ERT improves memory in perimenopausal women?
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T/F ERT improves memory in perimenopausal women? FALSE this is unproven
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What is the mechanism by which Estrogen cuases a decrease in BMD?
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What are the two mechanisms by which Estrogen cuases a decrease in BMD? (1) E --> ↑ monocytes --> ↑ IL1, ↑ TNF --> (a) ↑ stromal cells --> ↑il-6, ↑RANKL, ↑CSF --> ↑ osteoclast precursors.. (b) ↑osteoblasts --> ↑ activation of osteoclast precursors…. (2) Directly reduces the suppression of IL-6 and TNG
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What 2 effects do cytokines have on osteoclasts?
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What 2 effects do cytokines have on osteoclasts? ↑ osteoclast development and lifespan
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What is the definition of osteoporosis?
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What is the definition of osteoporosis? ↓ bone mass, deteroration of microarchitecture of bone, --> bone fragility --> ↑ fracture
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Which 5 other drugs can reduce loss of BMD?
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Which 5 other drugs can reduce loss of BMD? Raloxifene, Bisphosphonates, Calcitonin, Parathyroid hormone, ERT
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Which of the following is TRUE of the effects of heart dz risk with the loss of estrogen during menopause? ↑ Cholesterol, ↓BP, ↑oxidative stress, ↑abdominal fat, ↑vasodilation, ↓muscle
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Which of the following is TRUE of the effects of heart dz risk with the loss of estrogen during menopause? TRUE: ↑Cholesterol, ↓muscle, ↑oxidative stress, ↑abdominal fat, FALSE: THESE ARE CORRECTED: ↑BP ↓vasodilation,
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What are three risks of HRT?
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What are three risks of HRT? Long term --> breast cancer… (2) 2x ↑ VTEs… (3) Early CAD effects, (4) ↑ strokes
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What are 5 benefits of HRT?
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What are 5 benefits of HRT? (1) ↓ vasomotor symptoms… (2) ↓ fractures… (3) ↓ vaginal symptoms… (4) ↓ colon cancer… (5) ↓ reduction in DM
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