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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which of the following is not true of the properities of myometrial muscle? Greater degree of shortening compared to skeletal muscle, thick and thin fibers in short uniform bundles throught the cell, forces can be exerted in any direction.
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Which of the following is not true of the properities of myometrial muscle? TRURE: Greater degree of shortening compared to skeletal muscle, FALSE:thick and thin fibers in LONG RANDOM, NOT short uniform - bundles throughtout the cell, TRUE: forces can be exerted in any direction.
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Put the following in proper sequence: (a) ATP hydrolysis and force generation of actin & phosporylated myosin light chain, (b) myosin light chain kinase interacts with Calcium-Calmodulin-Complex, (c) Calcium influx from outside the cell/and Calcium release from sequestration, (d) phosphorylation of myosin light chain kinase.
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Put the following in proper sequence: (c) Calcium influx from outside the cell/and Calcium release from sequestration, (b) myosin light chain kinase interacts with Calcium-Calmodulin-Complex, (d) phosphorylation of myosin light chain kinase, (a) ATP hydrolysis and force generation of actin with phosporylated myosin light chain
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What are the two fx of cAMP, with respect to smooth muscle contraction?
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What are the two fx of cAMP, with respect to smooth muscle contraction? (1) sequestration of Calcium, (2) inactivation of MLC-Kinase
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Besides cAMP, which other factor during pregnancy causes the sequestration in the myometrium?
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Besides cAMP, which other factor during pregnancy causes the sequestration in the myometrium? Progesterone
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Name 3 major ways(physiologically speaking/within the pathway) to cause relaxation of the myometrium.
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Name 3 major ways to cause relaxation of the myometrium. (1) Decrease intracellular Ca, (2) Dephosphorylation of the myosin light chain, (3) inactivation of the MLC-kinase by cAMP
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Which of the following promote myometrium contraction and which promotes relaxation? PGF2∂, oxytocin, adenyl cyclase synthesis, ß-adrenergic agonists, increased phosphodiesterases action (breakdown of cAMP), relaxin
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Which of the following promote myometrium contraction and which promotes relaxation? PROMOTES CONTRACTION: PGF2∂, oxytocin, increased phosphodiesterases action(b/d of cAMP): PROMOTES RELAXATION: Adenyl cyclase synthesis, ß-adrenergic agonists relaxin
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How do PGF2∂ and Oxytocin promote uterine contraction?
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How do PGF2∂ and Oxytocin promote uterine contraction? PGF2∂ promotes free calcium in cells by changing cell membrane permeability, Oxytocin also promotes free calcium in the cell (with Ca, and Mg ATPase)
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cAMP is naturally broken down by phosphodiesterases --> leading to promotion of uterine contraction. What does theophyline do?
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cAMP is naturally broken down by phosphodiesterases --> leading to promotion of uterine contraction. What does theophyline do? Theophyline inhibits the phosphodiesterases --> increases cAMP --> promotes uterine relaxation
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How do relaxin and ß-adrenergic agonists work?
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How do relaxin and ß-adrenergic agonists work? Relaxin works by increasing cAMP levels --> uterine relaxation… ß-adrenergic agonists work by activating cAMP --> increased uterine relaxation
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What effect do increased Gap junction have on oxytocin? What can promote the increased in Gap junctions and what will be the consequeces of this?
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What effect do increased Gap junction have on oxytocin? Increased Gap Junctions --> increased sensitivity to oxytocin… (2) What can promote the increased in Gap junctions and what will be the consequeces of this? ↑E (or ↓P) --> ↑ Gap junctions --> increased oxytocin sensitivity --> increased contraction
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What does progesterone do to inhibit contraction?
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What does progesterone do inhibit contraction? Progesterone inhibits E synthesis of Gap --> relaxation… thus decreased P --> increased contraction
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How does RU-486 work?
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How does RU-486 work? The "morning after pill" -plan-B: works by inhbiting progesterone --> unopposing E --> increased Gap junctions --> increased oxytocin sensitivity --> premature labor
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What effect do Tocolytic agents have on contraction?
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What effect do Tocolytic agents have on contraction? Decreased uterine contraction
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Which of the following are not Tocolytic agents: Magnesium sulfate, Calcium, Nitrates, ß2 agonists, indomethecin, Calcium channel blockers, progesterone, prostaglandins, oxytocin… (2) what do they do?
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Which of the following are not Tocolytic agents: Magnesium sulfate (competitive inhibitor of Ca), ß2 agonists (increase cAMP), indomethecin (anti-prostaglandin) , Calcium channel blockers (decrease free Ca), progesterone (prophylactic) - (FALSE: prostaglandins, oxytocin, Calcium, Nitrates)
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What is happening in phases O-3 of pregnancy?
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What is happening in phases O-3 of pregnancy? Phase 0: quiescence, phase 1: preparation for labor, phase 2: active labor, phase 3: involution
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In which phase would you see the following: loss of myometrial refractoriness, cervical softening, increased myometrial-oxytocin-®, increase in size and number of gap junctions, coordinated contractile patterns, response to uterotonic agents.
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In PHASE 1:loss of myometrial refractoriness, cervical softening, increased myometrial-oxytocin-®, increase in size and number of gap junctions, coordinated contractile patterns, response to uterotonic agents.
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What effect does chronic cortisol have on pregnancy?
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What effect does chronic cortisol have on pregnancy? Premature delivery
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What effect does progesterone withdrawl have on animals and humans?
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What effect does progesterone withdrawl have on animals and humans? In animals: precipitate parturition (labor)… in human and othe primates (no effect)
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Is there a decline in progesterone prior to labor in humans?
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Is there a decline in progesterone prior to labor in humans? No decline
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If withdrawl of progesterone has not effect on labor, how can you explain the effects of RU-486 (which is an anti-progesterone used as the morning after pill-induces menstruation)?
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If withdrawl of progesterone has not effect on labor, how can you explain the effects of RU-486 (which is an anti-progesterone used as the morning after pill-induces menstruation)? RU-486 works best early in the pregnancy, thus a withdrawl of progesterone will only effect early pregnancy.
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Which of the following is NOT true of oxytocin? "Quick Birth", nanopeptide of the anterior pituitary, decrease in number of oxytocin-® near term, causes the release of prostaglandins in the decidua, synthesized in the decidua and fetal tissue, increased secretion early in pregnancy, important to reduce hemorrhage after labor.
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Which of the following is NOT true of oxytocin? TRUE: "Quick Birth", Important to reduce hemorrhage after labor, Causes the release of prostaglandins in the decidua, Synthesized in the decidua and fetal tissue... FALSE: Nanopeptide of the POSTERIOR NOT anterior pituitary, INCREASED not decrease in number of receptors near term, increased secretion AT TERM NOT in early in pregnancy
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What effecdt do E and P have on oxytocin receptors?
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↑E --> ↑Oxytocin-®… P prevents E induction of Oxytocin-®… (↑P might --> ↓ Oxytocin-® by degradation of ®)
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which of the following increase sequestration of Ca, and which decrease sequestration? cAMP, PGF2∂, oxytocin, progesterone (2) What effect do they have?
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which of the following increase sequestration of Ca, and which decrease sequestration? INCREASE SEQUESTRATION:cAMP and progesterone --> RELAXATION… (2) DECREASE SEQUESTRATION: PGF2∂ and oxytocin --> CONTRACTION
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What effect do prostaglandins and relaxin have on the cervix?
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What effect do prostaglandins and relaxin have on the cervix? Collagen breakdown --> softening of cervix
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Ask Cohen about how CRH on page 262 of the syllabus increase cAMP, but in lecture he said that chronic release of Cortisol --> premature labor.
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Ask Cohen about how CRH on page 262 of the syllabus increase cAMP, but in lecture he said that chronic release of Cortisol --> premature labor… are the effects of prostaglandins and CRH gestational age dependent?
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