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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is hydatidiform mole? |
Cystic swelling of chorionic villi and proliferation of chorionic epithelium (only trophoblast). - Also produces bHCG - 2 types: Compete (empty egg + 1 sperm), partial (egg + 2 sperm) |
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Complete or partial hydatidiform mole has a 15-20% risk of maliganant trophoblastic disease? |
Complete mole. |
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What is the triple test? |
Estimate risk of trisomies (and neural tube defects)
The Triple screen measures serum levels of 1.AFP, 2.estriol, and 3.beta-hCG, with a 70% sensitivity and 5% false-positive rate. |
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What are the RFs for ectopic pregnancy? |
1. PID (STI) 2. Age 3. Old IUDs 4. Previous ectopic pregnancy - previous surgery, |
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What is the treatment for ectopic pregnancy? |
MTX, Surgical option |
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There are 2 main categories of Amenorrhoea, what are some examples of Primary and Secondary? |
Primary: - Androgen insensitivity (born XY) - Congenital - Malnutrition (chronic disease state) Secondary: - Female athelete triad - Eating disorder - Post- OCP with depot medroxyprogesterone - PCOS - Post-chemo-radiation causing ovarian failure - Hypothyroidisms |
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How do you diagnose menopause? |
1. 12/52 absence of menses 2. 40-60 years old |
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What can cause premature menopause? |
Damage/removal of the ovaries: 1. Surgery 2. Chemotherapy/radiation |
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What is the most common cause of LUTS in men? (Lower urinary tract Sx) |
Benign Prostate Obstruction |
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Which zones/part of the prostate does BPH usually occur in? As compared to prostate malignancy? |
Centrally located transitional zone of prostate and the peri-urethral glands. Prostate cancers usually located periphery; posterior. (DRE) |
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What are some of the Obstructive and Overactivity Sx? |
Obx: - Hestancy - Poor stream - Intermittent flow - Incomplete emptying - Frequent voiding - post-void dribbling - overflow incontinence may occur as an end-stage sx Overactivity: - Frequency - Nocturia - Urgency - Urge incontinence in severe cases |
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What are the 3 classes of medical therapy (pharmacological) for BPH? |
1. Alpha-antagonists : inhibition of alpha1A-receptors -> decrease outflow resistance within 48 hours (70% of men responds) - Tamulosin (uroselective -Prasozin (non-selective; more A/E) -Terazosin (non-selective) 2. 5alpha-reductase inhibitor - long-term therapy (effects only visible 3-6months later) -inhibits conversion of testosterone to biologically active dihydrotestosterone. -disease progression is slowed. -prostate volume reduce 25% -rate of acute urinary retention is reduced -Serum PSA reduce by 50% |
