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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Are gonadal structures in males and females similar up until week 7?
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YES
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Which ducts will form the major structures of male anatomy?
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Wolffian (Mesonephric) Ducts
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Which ducts will form the major structures of female anatomy?
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Mullerian (Paramesonephric) Ducts
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What are the 4 hormones that make up the male cascade needed for development?
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1. Testis Determining Factor (TDF)
2. Mullerian inhibiting factor 3. Testosterone 4. Dihydrotestosterone |
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Where (in the gene code) is testis determining factor located?
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Y chromosome
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What is the function of testosterone in male gonadal development?
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Masculinize the internal duct work
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What is the function of dihydrotestosterone in male gonadal development?
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Masculinize external genitalia
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In terms of continuity, what is seen in the male duct system?
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Forms CONTINUOUS duct system (transit for sperm to exit)
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The unfused ends of the mullerian ducts in females form what?
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Fallopian Tubes
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The fused ends of the mullerian ducts in females form what?
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Uterus
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Mesonephric ducts induce what in both sexes?
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Kidney Formation and forms ureter
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Both the kidney and ureters in both sexes are derived from what?
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Intermediate Mesoderm
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What happens to the mesonephric ducts in females?
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Goes away
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What big event happens in gonadal development in week 5?
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Primordial germ cells (PGCs) migrate through the dorsal mesentery from yolk sac to genital ridge
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What ultimately happens to the yolk sac?
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Ultimately is incorporated into the gut tube
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The PGC migration prompts the development of what?
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Primitive Sex Chords
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PGC induce the development of what type of cells in the gonad?
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Supporting Cells
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What hormone dictates whether PGC's take on a male or female fate?
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Testis Determining Factor (TDF)
In not present --> female |
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TDF induces support to express what protein?
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SRY protein
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What do male support cells become?
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Sertoli cells
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What happens to female cells with no Y chromosome?
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Germ cells start gemtogenesis
Become arrested at Prophase I of meiosis |
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Oocytes arrested at Prophase I induce the formation of what cells?
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Follicular cells (granulosa cells)
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Sertoli cells do what?
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support sperm cell production
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Does gametogenesis occur immediately in males?
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No sertoli cells inhibit (big difference between males and females)
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What males cells produce testosterone?
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Leydig cells
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What cells produce estrogen in females?
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Theca cells
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What cell type produces anti-mullerian hormone in males?
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Sertoli cells
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Where are both male and female supporting cells derived from?
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Epithelium
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Where are both leydig/theca cells derived from?
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Mesodermal stromal cells
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In males, where are the sex chords located>
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In the medulla of the testis
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In females, where are the sex cords located?
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In the cortex of the ovary
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The location of the sex cords in males allows for what?
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For formation of the continuous duct system
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What effect does testosterone have on the parameonephric duct?
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Makes it degenerate
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IN females, the absence of testosterone has what effect on the mesonephric duct?
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It degenerates
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What happens to the parmesonephric ducts in females?
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They partially fuse
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At birth, what type of oocytes do the ovaries contain?
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Just primary oocytes arrested in prophase of M1
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Where do the PM ducts fuse and what do the form?
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Inferiorly
Form Uterus, cervix, upper vagina |
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The unfused parts of the PM ducts form what?
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Uterine (fallopian) tubes
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Where is the lower vagina derived from?
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Endoderm of urogenetial sinus
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The fusion of the PM ducts brings together what and forms what?
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Brings together peritoneal fold
Forms broad ligament and creates 2 peritoneal compartments |
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At birth, what type of oocytes do the ovaries contain?
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Just primary oocytes arrested in prophase of M1
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Where do the PM ducts fuse and what do the form?
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Inferiorly
Form Uterus, cervix, upper vagina |
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The unfused parts of the PM ducts form what?
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Uterine (fallopian) tubes
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Where is the lower vagina derived from?
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Endoderm of urogenetial sinus
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The fusion of the PM ducts brings together what and forms what?
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Brings together peritoneal fold
Forms broad ligament and creates 2 peritoneal compartments |
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How is the uterine cavity created?
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Resorption after PM duct fusion
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What is the gubernaculum?
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Fibrous cord that induces gonads to descend
note: only successful in males |
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What is the broad ligament?
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The peritoneal covering of the uterus, uterine tubes, and ovaries
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What is the space called that is posterior to the uterus and anterior to the rectum?
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Pouch of Douglas
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What is the most common uterine defect that is seen?
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Uterus Bicorning - 2 uteruses forming
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The glans area will become what?
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Erectile tissue - glans of clitoris
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Urogenetal folds form what in females?
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Do not fuse and form Labium Minus
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What does the genital swelling form?
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Labia Majorus
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