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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Male reproduction |
Testes Scrotum Epididimis Spermatic cord Bulboeurethral gland Prostate Seminal vessel Vas deferans Corpus spongiosum Copra covavosa Glans pens Eurethra |
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Female reproduction |
Fallopian tubes Suspensory ligaments Fundus Fimbrea Ovarian ligaments Endometrium Ovary Uterus Cervix Vagina |
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Hormones that effect the menstrual cycle |
FSH (Pituitary gland) Oestrogen (ovary) LH (pituitary gland) Progesterone (corpus luteum) |
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Follicular phase |
Concentration of oestrogen is low, this has a negative feedback effect on the secretion of FSH, This prevents further follicle maturation. Oestrogen levels rise and turns into a positive feedback on FSH secretion so the folic continues to develop, high oestrogen lvs stimulates the pituitary gland to release LH. a peak in LH causes the follicle to burst and releases the ovum. Ovulation. |
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Luteal phase |
After ovulation the grafian follicle forms a structure called the corpus luteum. LH stimulates the corpus luteum to produce progesterone. Rising levels of progesterone and oestrogen have a negative feedback effect on FSH and LH preventing further follicles develping. No fertilisation corpus luteum breaks down so progesterone and oestrogen lvs drop uterus lining breaks down. FSH no longer inhibited so lvls start to rise and the cycle begins again |
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What is a gamete? |
A reproductive cell of a mamal. Found in the ovaries(oogenesis ) and the testies (spermatogenisis) |
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Haploid cell |
(N). A somatic repreductive cell that only has 23 chromosomes |
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A diploid cell |
(2n) Human Somatic cells that have 46 chromosomes |
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Fertilisation |
When male and female gametes fuse |
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Order of oogenesis |
Oogonium 2n Primary oocyte 2n Remain in prophase 1 until pubity Meiosis 1 Secondary oocyte (n) and first polar body (n) Remain in metaphase 11 until fertilisation Meiosis 11 During fertilisation secondary oocyte(n) polar body DIFFERENTIATION ovum (n)
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Spermatogenesis |
Spermatagonium Primary spermatocyte (2n) Meiosis 1 Secondary spermatocyte (n) Meiosis 11 Spermatids (n) DIFFERENTIATION spermatozoa (n) |
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Fertilisation |
If fertilisation takes place the zygote, now a blastocyst implants in the uterus lining by way of PROTEOLYTIC enzymes and secretes HCG maintains the corpus luteum for 12 weeks after that the placenta takes over. This is because progesterone is needed though out pregnancy to stop more follicles developing. |
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Karyotype |
The 23 pairs of chromosomes |
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Trisomy 21 |
A type of downs syndrome caused by extra chromosome on 21st chromosome, because aged egg cells don't split properly in meiosis 11 called aneuploid cells |
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Translocation |
Downs caused by chromosome translocation. A segment of DNA breaks off 21 and attaches to 14. |
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Mosaic downs syndrome |
After fertilisation the cells split but one will split unevenly causing tryostomy in one cell line, so if blood test is taken it will only show if a defect in the blood is present. It is diagnosed as a percentage of tryostomy as checking each part of the body is invasive so not done. |
