Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Male genital development |
SRY gene on Y chromosome produces testis-determining factor (testes development). Sertoli cells secrete Mullerian inhibitory factor and that suppresses development of paramesonephric ducts. Leydig cells secrete testosterone that stimulates the wolffian/mesonephric duct into internal male (except prostate). Testosterone is the turned into DHT via 5-alpha-reductase which turns the genital tubercle and urogenital sinus into male external and prostate |
|
|
What does the paramesonephric duct become -mullerian duct abnormalities |
internal female: fallopian tubes, uterus, upper vagina mullerian duct abnormalities: can present as primary amenorrhea with fully developed secondary sexual characteristics (indicator of functional ovaries) |
|
|
what does mesonephric duct become |
-seminal vesicles, epididymis, ejaculatory duct, ductus deferens |
|
|
what is uterus didelphys |
paramesonephrics completely dont fuse and you have 2 vaginas, 2 cervix, 2 uterus etc |
|
|
What if you dont have sertoli cells or lack MIF? |
both male and female internal with male external |
|
|
Male female analogs Genital tubercle genital tubercle urogenital sinus urogenital sinus Urogenital folds labioscrotal swelling |
glans penis and glans clitoris corpus cavernosum/spongiosum and vestibular bulbs bulbourethral glands (cowper) and bartholin glands (greater vestibular glands) prostate and urethral/paraurethral glands (Skene) ventral shaft of penis and labia minora scrotum and labia majora |
|
|
why does epispadias occur assc with |
abnormal opening of penile urethra on dorsal (superior) side due to faulty positioning of genital tubercle -assc with exstrophy of bladder |
|
|
gubernaculum male female Processus vaginalis: males and female and what is it
|
male: anchors tests within scrotum female: ovarian ligament and round ligament of uterus male: forms tunica vaginalis female: obliterated -evagination of peritoneum |
|
|
lymphatic drainage ovaries/testes distal vagina, vulva, scrotum proximal vagina, uterus |
para aortic superficial inguinal obturator, external iliac, hypogastric nodes |
|
|
infundibulopelvic ligament -other name -what does it do -contains -procedure, might hurt? |
suspensory ligament of ovary: ovaries to lateral pelvic wall. Contains ovarian vessels. -ligate in oophorectomy to avoid bleeding -risk of damaging ureter during ligation |
|
|
cardinal ligament what does it do contains? what is at risk during ligation?
|
cervix to side wall of pelvis -contains uterine vessls -ureter at risk of injury during ligation of uterine vessels in hysterectomy |
|
|
round ligament what does it do travels thru? above? |
uterine fundus to labia majora -derivative of gubernaculum travels thru round inguinal canal -above the artery of sampson (the anastomoses of uterine artery and ovarian artery. runs under round ligament |
|
|
broad ligament what does it do contains components |
uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries to pelvic side wall -contains ovaries, fallopian tubes and round ligament -mesosalpinx, mesometrium, mesovarium |
|
|
ovarial ligament what does it do |
medial pole of ovary to lateral uterus -derivative of gubernaculum |
|
|
female histology |
ovary: simple cuboidal fallopian: simple columnar ciliated with a few peg cells (secretory) uterus: simple columnar with long tubular glands endocervix: simple columnar ectocervix: stratified nonkeratinized squamous vagina: stratified nonkeratinized squamous |
|
|
female sexual cycle |
excitement: uterus elevates, vaginal lubrication plateau: expansion of inner vagina orgasm: contraction of uterus resolution -mediated by autonomic nervous system |
|
|
male sexual cycle erection nerve emission nerve ejaculation nerve |
erection: parasympathetic via pelvic nerve -NO causes increased cGMP which causes SM relaxation --> vasodilation --> erection -NE causes increased Ca2+ which causes SM contraction which is antierectile -Emission: sympathetic via hypogastric nerve Ejaculation: visceral and somatic nerves (pudendal) |
|
|
sperm pathway |
seminiferous tubules epididymis vas deferens ejaculatory duct nothign urethra penis |
|
|
Which cells are temperature sensitive? |
Sertoli: with increased temperature you get decreased inhibin and decreased sperm production |
|
|
Sertoli cells respond to -what 2 things do they secrete? -what do they form -functions -what can they also produce? |
-respond to FSH inhibin to inhibit FSH, and androgen binding protein to maintain local levels of testosterone -tight junctions b/w sertoli cells form blood testis barrier to protect from autoimmune -support and nourish sperm -regulate spermatogenesis -produce MIF -convert testosterone and androstenedione to estrogen via aromatase |
|
|
Leydig cells respond to secrete temperature? contain? |
secrete testosterone in presence of LH; -not affected by temperature -also contain aromatase
|
|
|
what are 3 sources of estrogen -what are the relative potencies changes in pregnancy |
ovary: 17B-estradiol placenta: estriol adipose: estrone via aromatization
estradiol > estrone > estriol 50x estrone and estradiol 1000x increase in estriol, indicates fetal wellbeing
|
|
|
LH FSH what do they do? what cells? |
LH: stimulates desmolase in theca cell to create androstenedione from cholesterol FSH: stimulates aromatase in granulosa cell to create estrogen from androstenedione (from theca cell) |
|
|
how does estrogen change transport proteins, SHBG, HDL and LDL
what does it do to myometrium what does it do to estrogen, LH and progesterone receptors |
increases transport proteins increases SHBG (sex hormone binding globulin) increases HDL decreases LDL
-estrogen increases myometrial excitability -upregulates estrogen, LH and progesterone receptors |
|
|
sources of progesterone |
-corpus luteum, placenta, adrenal cortex, testes |
|
|
how does lactation occur? what is indicative of ovulation |
the fall in progesterone after delivery disinhibits prolactin --> lactation -increase in progesterone |
|
|
functions of progesterone -endometrium -pregnancy -uterine muscle and myometrium -cervix -estrogen receptors -body temperature |
-stimulation of endometrial glandular secretions and spiral artery development -maintainence of pregnancy -decreases myometrial excitability -produces thick cervical mucus to inhibit sperm entry -increases body temperature -uterine SM relaxation -decreases estrogen receptor expressivity |
