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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Oral estrogens
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Are conjugated estrogens like Premarin
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Benefit in taking transdermal estradiol compared to oral estrogen
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Fewer metabolic alterations
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Estring
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vaginal ring releasing estradiol; 7.5 a day with local vaginal effect only
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Femring
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vaginal ring releasing estradiol; 50-100 a day with systemic effects (slow osteoporosis)
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Estradiol cypionate
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injectable estradiol not used very much anymore
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Estradiol valerate
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injectable estradiol not used very much anymore
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Raloxifene
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stimulates and blocks the action of estrogen depending on the organ system; it is an agonist in bone, but an antagonist in breast and endometrium
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Adverse reactions of Raloxifene
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hot flashes and leg cramps. Also increased incidence of venous thrombeombolism
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Tamoxifen
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Blocks estrogen receptors in breast, but has agonist activity in bone, liver, and endometrium. Inhibition of growth of estrogen dependent breast tumors. Tamoxifen resistance can occur (like after 5 years or so).
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Adverse effects of Tamoxifen
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Tamoxifen may cause endometrial cancer (partial agonist at uterine estrogen receptors) but benefits probably outweigh risk
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Tamoxifen must be activated how?
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via CYP2D6; Some drugs inhibit activation.
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Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs)
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Raloxifene, Tamoxifen/Toremifene
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Clomiphene
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Antagonist at estrogen receptor; used to increase gonadotropins and causes ovulation
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First line drug to treat infertility
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Clomiphene - Estrogen receptor antagonist; can be given orally
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Fulvestrant
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Antagonist at estrogen receptor
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Anastrozole
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Aromatase inhibitors
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Letrozole
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Aromatase inhibitors
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Adverse effects of Aromatase inhibitors
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Have a higher risk of osteoporosis. Also may cause joint pain and musculoskeletal aching (menopausal arthritis).
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Danazol
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Suppresses LH and FSH release; used to treat endometriosis
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Adverse effects of Danazol
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May increase risk of ovarian cancer
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Medroxyprogesterone acetate
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Oral or injected progesterone
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Norethindrone, Norethynodrel, Norgestrel
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Progestins
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Causes onset of menstruation
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Decline of progesterone
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Mifepristone
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blocks progesterone receptors
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Used to terminate early pregnancy (along with misoprostol)
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Mifepristone
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Oxandrolone
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Testosterone prep with high anabolic activity
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Nandrolone phenpropionate
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Testosterone prep with high anabolic activity
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Nandrolone decanoate
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Testosterone prep with high anabolic activity
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Stanozolol
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Testosterone prep with high anabolic activity
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Testosterone preps with higher risk of hepatotoxicity
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Methyltestosterone, Fluoxymesterone, Oxandrolone, and Stanozolol
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Flutamide
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Androgen receptor antagonist
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Spironolactone
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Androgen receptor antagonist
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Adverse effects of Flutamide
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Gynecomastia and mild hepatotoxicity (reversible)
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Finasteride
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inhibitors of 5 α-reductase
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Dutasteride
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inhibitors of 5 α-reductase
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Ketoconazole
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Antifungal drug which inhibits steroid synthesis. Used to prevent hisutism in polycystic ovarian disease, but toxicity limits its use
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Leuprolide
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long acting GnRH analog used in treatment of prostate cancer
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Saw Palmetto
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Herbal supplement which has been thought to be effective in relieving symptoms of BPH. However, no benefit in recent well controlled trials
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Estrogen used in many of the first oral contraceptives
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Mestranol
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Contraceptive Estrogens
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Ethinyl estradiol and mestranol
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Ethynodiol diacetate
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Contraceptive Progestin
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Norethindrone
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Contraceptive Progestin
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Norethindrone acetate
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Contraceptive Progestin
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Norethynodrel
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Contraceptive Progestin
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Norgestrel
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Contraceptive Progestin
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Levonorgestrel
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Contraceptive Progestin
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Desogestrel
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Third generation Contraceptive Progestin
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Norgestimate
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Third generation Contraceptive Progestin
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Drosperinone
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(unique contraceptive progestin similar to spironolactone; no water retention, no androgenic properties)
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Third generation contraceptive progestins; have different side effects
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Desogestrel and Norgestimate
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Seasonale and Seasonique
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Extended cycle oral contraceptive
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Lybrel
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Continuous contraceptive
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Plan B
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Levonorgestrel- POSTCOITAL (EMERGENCY) CONTRACEPTIVE REGIMEN
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Diethylstilbestrol
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POSTCOITAL (EMERGENCY) CONTRACEPTIVE REGIMEN; can give child if doesn't work cancer
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Nonoxynol 9
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Acts as a surfactant to damage sperm cell membrane in most spermicids
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do not prevent fertilization but do prevent implantation of blastocyst in uterus
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Intrauterine devices (IUD) via copper and progesterone
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Progestasert
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Intrauterine devices (IUD)
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Mirena
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Intrauterine devices (IUD)
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Paragard T380A
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Intrauterine devices (IUD)
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Implanon
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Progestin containing subcutaneous implant. Produces long-term (3 years) contraceptive effect
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Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA)
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given IM every three months or new SQ version (Depo-SubQ Provera 104). SubQ version also approved for endometriosis
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Gossypol
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substance isolated from seed of cotton plant and used in Asia to regulate male fertility. Interferes with spermatogenesis but may produce permanent infertility
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Nifedipine
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antihypertensive found to inhibit normal sperm function. Being tested as contraceptive
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Sildenafil
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erectile dysfunction; inactivates phosphodiesterase 5
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Vardenafil
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erectile dysfunction; inactivates phosphodiesterase 5
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Tadalafil
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erectile dysfunction; inactivates phosphodiesterase 5
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2 beta 2 agonists that inhibit premature labor
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Ritodrine and Terbutaline
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