Repro Disease Epi

Front 1

Kartagener Syndrome

Back 1

chronic respiratory infections

Front 2

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

Back 2

begins as early as 45; increased with ag, strong family history, efffects 80% of men by 80

Front 3

Ectopic Pregnancy

Back 3

impaired ability of tube to transport fertilized ovum (failed sterilization, reconstructive tubal surgery, post inflammatory damage of tube - loss of ciliated cells but muscles move to uterus)

Front 4

Klinefelter Syndrome

Back 4

1 in 1000

Front 5

prostatitis

Back 5

acute (neutrophils in glands); chronic (lymphocytic inflammation in prostate); w/ infected calculi, non-bacterial, rare gonococcal, Tb, non-specific granulomatous with giant cells + histiocytes)

Front 6

Carcinoma of the Prostate (CAP)

Back 6

most common malignancy and 2nd leading cause of death in men

Front 7

HPA Male infertility causes

Back 7

post pituitary tumor, radiation, vascular insult, absent or aberrant FSH/LH production, hyperprolactinemia (esp. if pituitary microadenoma)

Front 8

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)

Back 8

androgen excess iin prepubertal male

Front 9

Other endocrine male infertility

Back 9

estrogen excess (tumor or exogenous, thryoid or adrenal dysfunction, androgen excess (adrenal/testicular tumor, anabolic steroids, congenital adrenal hyperplasia)

Front 10

testicular male infertility

Back 10

genetic (klinefelters, XXY, prader willi/downs, loss of Yq), crptorchidism (abdomen testes at risk for infertility/neoplasm), varicocele (blood flow staisis and toxins remain), torsion/trauma (acute testicular pain) , infection (mumps orichits or granulmatos orchitis), drugs/toxins (chemo, heat, radiation), systemic disaease (EtOH, diabetes, SS disease, chronic renal failue)

Front 11

post-testicular male infertility

Back 11

congenital (CF w/ vasal atresia), DES expsosure w/ epididymal cysts, epididymitis (STD in young men w/ G/C, TB, coliofrms in older men with prostatism)

Front 12

Menopause

Back 12

50-52 yrs, smoking, familial, diet, alcohol consumptom leadign to later)

Front 13

Turner's Syndrome

Back 13

1/2500 to 1/5000 liveborn girls

Front 14

Gonorrhea

Back 14

strictly human, asymptomatic carriage, more in F, sexual transmission (50% F get after 1 exp., 20% M)

Front 15

Chlamydia

Back 15

most common, 4X higher in F, high coinfection in partneres, perinatal transmission causes conjunctivitis

Front 16

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

Back 16

gonorrhea, chlamydia, anaerobic /aerobic bacteria from vagina (with G or C, ascending infections from vagina more likely)

Front 17

Infective Salpingitis

Back 17

young, sexually active (under 25), method of contraception, induced abortion, instrumentation of cervix

Front 18

mullerian agensis (mayer rolostansky-kuster-hauser syndrome)

Back 18

1/4000 to 5000

Front 19

lateral fusion obstruction defects

Back 19

menustration occurs normally in one tract and accumulates in other (eventually leaves via fallopian tube), bicornate/septate uterus w/ obstruction (Sx: cyclin dysmennorhea/pain that is progressive, pelvic mass with compression symptoms, associate w/ ipsilateral renal agenesis, can cause endometriosis); tx by ressecting

Front 20

polycystic ovarian syndrome (stein-leventhal syndrome)

Back 20

ethnic differences in phenotype (most patients are obese - not part of PCOS)

Front 21

Leiomyoma

Back 21

most frequent tumor in female genital tract (20-30% over 30; 40% over 40); AA (younger age, larger tumors)

Front 22

Leiomyosarcoma

Back 22

rare, 2-3 women per 1000, age over 40; more common in AA + tamoxifen

Front 23

Endometriosis

Back 23

4-10% of reproductive women (more in infertile and pelvic pain)

Front 24

endometrial polyps

Back 24

4th/5th decade

Front 25

endometrial hyperplasia

Back 25

perimenopausal years (frequent anovulatory cycles); risk factors includ exogenous estrogen (tamoxifen), ovarian lesions (stromal tumors, PCOD, stromal hyperplasia), obesity, hypertension, diabetes, reproductive factors (nulliparty, earaly age of mecharche), cigarettes

Front 26

endometrial adenocarcinoma type I

Back 26

most common in female genital tract, unopposed estrogen as a risk factor

Front 27

endometrial adenocarcinoma type 2

Back 27

most common in female genital tract, unopposed estrogen as a risk factor

Front 28

cervical cancer

Back 28

90% squamous, 5% adenocarcinoma; risk increased with HPV infection (leads to condyloma; high risk with 16/18; low with 11/6; necessary but not sufficient); young age at first sex, smoking; 2nd l

Front 29

Epithelial Tumors

Back 29

white, european/jewish descent, age > 50, residence in an industrialized nation (except Japan), high fat/coffee, low fiber/VitA diet, environmental exposure (talc, asbestos, radiation), reproductive (early menarche, late menopause, nulliparity), viral (mumps, rubella), BRCA1/BRCA2 mutation, DNA mismatch repair gene mutation (only 10%)

Front 30

borderline carcinoma

Back 30

present at younger ages, benign clinical course with 10-20 yr survival rates >90%

Front 31

metastatic ovarian tumors

Back 31

0.05

Front 32

Germ cell Tumors

Back 32

15% of primary ovarian tumors, most common malignant tumor in 1st 2 decades, most occur in pure fore (10% mixed); no geographic or racial; F>M, incidences increases with age (peak at 15-19 yrs; ratio of germ cell to epithelial tumors decreasing with age)

Front 33

Mature Cystic Teratoma

Back 33

15-25% of ovarian tumors, 80% occur during reproductive years, rare familial cases, prone to complication (torsion, infection, perforation/granulomatous peritonitis), rupture (acute abdomen), malignant trasnformation

Front 34

Dysgerminoma

Back 34

uncommon (1% of all ovarian), most common malignant germ cell tumor (20-30% of tumors in pregnancy, 80% in 2nd/3rd decades)

Front 35

sex cord stromal tumors

Back 35

0.1

Front 36

ovarian fibroma

Back 36

meig's syndrome (ascites + pleural effusion), gorlin's syndrome (nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome)

Front 37

primary perotineal cancer

Back 37

higher incidence of polyclonality than ovarian cancer

Front 38

gynecomastia

Back 38

common, due to relative estrogen excess, adolescents/elderly, not precancerous, uini or bilateral

Front 39

breast cancer

Back 39

F, >50 yrs, geography (US, N. Europe), family history (BRCA1/BRCA2), fibrocystic changes, prior breast/gyn cancer, radiation, unopposed estrogens (young age at menarche, old age at menopause, no ovariectomy, post-menopausal obesity, old age at first full term pregnancy), DCIS as most common

Front 40

ductal carcinoma in situ

Back 40

most common breast cancer, microscopic

Front 41

lobular carcinoma in situ

Back 41

LCIS

Front 42

fibrocystic changes

Back 42

common, reproductive years

Front 43

fibroadenoma

Back 43

most common benign tumor, reproductive years, multiple or bilateral, unclear about breast cancer risk

Front 44

phyllodes tumor

Back 44

much less common, solitary, reproductive years, excision in usually curative

Front 45

ascending infections of placenta

Back 45

most common route

Front 46

hematogenous infections of placenta

Back 46

rare

Front 47

complete hydatidiform mole

Back 47

1/1000 preg, 2% followed by choriocarcinoma

Front 48

choriocarcinoma

Back 48

1/20,000 pregnancies

Front 49

respiratory distress syndrome - hyaline membrane disease

Back 49

60,000 cases/yr, 60% of infants born <28 wks, 15-20% of infants born 32-36 wks, 5% at term

Front 50

dyspnea of pregnancy

Back 50

60-70% of patients, late first or early second trimester