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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is the difference between sex determination and differentiation?
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Sex Determination: genetic makeup driving development of the bipotential gonad into an ovary or a testis
Sexual Differentation: Functional gonad driving development of internal and external reproductive structures |
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what are the key genes on the X chromosome that leads to sexual development?
on the Y? |
two on the X chromosome: DAX-1 & the androgen receptor (AR)
one on the Y chromosome: SRY |
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what are pseudoautosomal regions?
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pairing of chromosomes during meiosis, crossing over occurs here
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invagination of coelomic epithelium gives rise to what?
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Paramesonephric ducts (female/mullerian)
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if you have a developmental steroid problem in your gonads, where else might you have problems?
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in the adrenal...
shared development |
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what leads to regression of the mullerian ducts in men?
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what leads to the development of Wolffian ducts (int genitalia)
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what leads to the external genitalia in males
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what leads to testicular descent?
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what 3 genes change the urogenital ridge to the bipotential gonad?
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Wt1 (Wilm's Tumor)
SF-1 DAX-1 |
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Cells that express the SRY gene will develop into what kind of cells? what is necessary for this?
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SRY-->Sox 9-->Sertoli cells
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in development, what releases AMH (anti Mullerian hormone) to cause the regression?
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Sertoli cells
note: AMH also plays a role in testicular descent |
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What stimulates the development of Leydig cells? what is a gene that is necessary for this
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Sertoli-->Desert Hedge Hog-->Leydig
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Starting with the urogenital ridge, go through XY sexual differentiation (include genes leading to the bipotential gonad, what is the important cell that leads to 3 important actions, etc)
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what allows for the maintenance of mitotic potential?
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Sertoli-->CYP26B1-->(-)Stra8-->maintain mitotic potential
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in a XX individual, after the bipotential gonad, what is a key gene that needs to be expressed to lead to further downstream events?
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R-SPONDIN
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R-Spondin leads to what gene activation? what does this do?
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R-spondin-->Wnt 4--> B-catenin
B-cateinin inhibits Sox 9 and FGF9 (genes that would promote male development) it also inhibits expression of steroidogenic enzymes |
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What activates Dax 1? What does Dax 1 then do (after you have already developed bipotential gonad)
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Wnt4 stimulates the expression of Dax-1 (inhibits AMH, activates Estrogen)
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starting with the urogenital ridge, please map out female sexual differentiation
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fusion of what structures lead to the development of the uterus, cervix, and upper portion of vagina?
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paramesonephric ducts
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what gives rise to the lower portion of the vagina?
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urogenital sinus
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in development, delay of expression is going to have a larger effect on males or females?
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males, it starts earlier
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what role do androgens play in testicular decent?
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they increase the regression of the cranial suspensory ligament, leading to the gubernaculum being able to start pull the testes down
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Why is hypospadias?
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- Abnormal opening of penile urethra on ventral side of penis due to incomplete fusion of urethral folds
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