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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Leuprolide |
GnRH analog that can 1) act as an agonist of GnRH receptor in anterior pituitary if given in pulsatile -> increase LH and FSH -> used to treat infertility 2) acts as an antagonist if given in continuous -> decrease LH and FSH -> decrease testosterone and DHT -> used to treat endometriosis , uterine fibroids in female and prostate cancer and precocious puberty in males |
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Estrogen |
Hormonal replacement therapy in post-menopausal women , used to regulate irregular menstrual cycles (OCPs) , ovarian failure , hypogonadism Contraindicated in smokers, Breast cancer, DVT Adverse effects = increase risk of endometrial cancer (use with progestrone) ,bleeding in postmenopausal women |
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SERMS |
Clomiphene -> treats infertility Tamoxifen-> treats breast cancer Raloxifen -> treats osteoporosis Clomiphene -> antagonist (blocks) of estrogen receptors on hypothalamus -> estrogen can't act-> absence of negative feedback-> LH and FSH increase |
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Progestrone |
"Gestrol/gestrone/gestrel" Acts as a contraceptive = Thickens mucus plug -> prevents entry of sperms Decreases growth/proliferation of endometrium-> prevents implantation of egg During pregnancy= it maintains pregnancy (GESTation) Used as OCPs for abnormal uterine bleeding Treats /prevents endometrial cancer Increases vascularization of endometrium (spiral arteries ) |
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Anti-progestins |
Pristal= pistol 🔫 = kill pregnancy Block progesterone receptors (competitive inhibitors) Mifepristone, ulipristal Termination of pregnancy = mifepristone + misoprostol Emergency contraception = ulipristal U = urgent |
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Copper intrauterine device |
Emergency contraceptive , reversible, long term C= copper, comtraception Hormone free (doesn't contain hormones) Anti-inflammatory reaction kills sperms and eggs Adverse effects = dysmenorrhoea, heavy menses |
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Tocolytics |
Relax the uterus Used in pre term labour to decrease uterine contractions + meanwhile administer steroids for fetal lungs maturation !!!! Or to allow more time to shift mother to another hospital with better obstetrics facilities E.g. Terbutraline (Beta 2 agonist) Nifefipine (CCB) Indomethacin (NSAID) Keeps the baby in the TIN (uterus) |
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Danazol |
Synthetic androgen = agonist at androgen receptors -> negative feedback -> decrease LH/FSH -> decrease estrogen Used to treat endometriosis , hereditary angioedema , hereditary angioedema Adv = hirsutism, acne , weight gain, masculinization |
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MinoxiDIL |
DILates arterioles -> relaxes vascular smooth muscle cells ->increase blood flow around hair follicles -> hair growth Used to treat male pattern baldness (androgenic alopecia) |
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Testrosterone |
Agonists at androgen receptors Used to treat hypogonadism(lack of sex hormone production) + for development of secondary sexual characteristics Adverse effects = masculinization in females , gonadal atrophy /decrease testosterone production in testes in males (due to negative feedback) + premature closure of epiphyseal plates -> short stature |
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PDE-5 inhibitors |
Sildanafil , -fil Fill the penis Increases cGMP -> smooth muscle relaxation-> increase blood flow in corpora cavernosum of penis Used to treat erectile dysfunction , Pulmonary HTN Tadalafil -> BPH |
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Progestin challenge test? |
Used to find out the cause of secondary amenorrhea (but first check BhCG to rule out pregnancy) check 2 things : Used to find out the cause of secondary amenorrhea (but first check BhCG to rule out pregnancy) check 2 things :Ability to thicken endometrium Outflow tract
Ability to thicken endometrium
Estrogen = endometrial thickening Progestrone = maintains endometrial lining Outflow tractEstrogen = endometrial thickening Progestrone = maintains endometrial lining No fertilisation-> corpus luteum degenerate->progestrone level falls(withdrawal)->endometrium sheds ->bleeding No fertilisation-> corpus luteum degenerate->progestrone level falls(withdrawal)->endometrium sheds ->bleeding If withdrawal bleeding is present = positive test , cause is ANOVULATION (No ovulation->no corpus luteun->no progestrone) e.g. pcos, ovarian failure, HP axis failure If no withdrawal bleeding = negative test = inability to thicken endometrium (estrogen deficiency) e.g. menopause or outflow tract obstruction e.g. cervical stenosis , anatomic defects e.g. asherman syndrome (adhesions in endometrium)
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