Renewable Energy

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Scientists define energy as the ability to do work.

Energy is found in many different forms such as

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light, heat, motion, sound, and growth.

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LIGHT

Compact Fluorescent Light Bulb (CFL)

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Sun
Flashlight
Candle

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What is light?

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Light is energy that travels in waves.

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FIRE

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Hairdryer
Iron
Grill

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We use heat, called thermal energy.

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We cannot see heat, but we can feel it.

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Many things are moving. They are in motion.

Nothing can move without energy.

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Player Soccer
Drill
Ant

Many things are moving. They are in motion.

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Energy is moving around you all the time: energy in the form of sound waves

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Phone
Radio
Bird

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Sound is a special kind of kinetic, or motion, energy. Sound is energy vibrating through substances.

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Sound waves can travel through gases, liquids, and solids.

All sounds are caused by vibrations—the back and forth motion of molecules. The molecules collide with each other and pass on energy as a moving wave.

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GROWTH

Puppies

It takes energy to grow:

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Chemical energy stored in simple sugars. The energy to make these sugars comes from light energy. Most of this light energy comes from the sun.

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A baby, a child or a woman. Every living thing is growing all the time. Sometimes living things grow bigger. Sometimes they do not getbigger, but they still grow.

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They grow new cells to replace old ones.

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Energy Sources

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Biomass, coal, geothermal, hydropower, natural gas, petroleum, propane, solar, uranium, wind.

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Nonrenewable energy sources
Petroleum: transportation,manufacturing
Natural gas: electricity, heating,manufacturing
Coal: electricity, manufacturing
Uranium: electricity
Propane: heating, manufacturing

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because their supplies are limited.
They aren't replenished in a short time, it takes millions of years to form.

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Renewable energy sources
Biomass: electricity, heating, transportation
Hydropower: electricity
Wind: electricity
Solar: electricity, heating
Geothermal: electricity, heating

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because they are replenished in a short time.

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Electricity is different from the other energysources

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because it is a secondary source of energy.
We have to use another energy source to make electricity.

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Biomass - (R)

Where is it found?

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Biomass is anything that is alive. It is also anything that was alive a short time ago.
Animals and plants.

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Biomass - (R)

How do we get this energy source?

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Trees, crops, garbage, and animalwaste are all biomass.

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Biomass - (R)
How do weuse this energy ?

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We use it for heat andcooking.

We burn the plant and animal material too.

We can alsochange the energy in biomass into gas and liquid fuels. -

Biogas - Methano.

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Biomass - (R)
Advantages of this energy source:

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Easily available

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Biomass - (R)
Disadvantages of this energy source:

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Burning biomass does not cause as much pollution as burning coal or oil, but many people do not like to burnwaste near their towns. Sometimes it smells bad.

Waste-to-energy plants work hard to scrub the air from the burning waste to reduce pollution and odor.

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Biomass - (R)

Waste-to-energy

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Or energy-from-waste is the process of generating energy in the form of electricity and/or heat from the incineration of waste.

WtE is a form of energy recovery. Most WtE processes produce electricity and/or heat directly through combustion, or produce a combustible fuel commodity, such as methane, methanol, ethanol or synthetic fuels.

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Biomass - R

Just as apples can be made into cider,
Corn, grass, andwheat can be made into:

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a fuel called Ethanol.

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Biomass - R

Plants store the sun's energy in their roots, stems, fruits, and leaves.

Crops are biomass. Biomass is renewable. You can grow more plants.

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You can burn biomass to makeheat and electricity

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Coal - Nonrenewable - is one of our most important energy sources. It gives us39 percent of the electricity we use and one-fifth of our total energy.

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Coal looks like shiny, black rock. Coal has lots of energy init.

Coal is called a fossil fuel because it was made fromplants that were once alive. The energy in coal came fromthe sun.

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Coal- NR

Surfacemining...

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If coal is near the surface, miners dig itup with huge machines. First, they scrape off the dirt and rock, then dig out the coal

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Coal- NR

This is called reclamation...

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After the coal is mined, they put back the dirt and rock. They plant trees and grass. The land can be used again.

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Coal- NR

Deep mining.

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If the coal is deep in the ground, tunnels called mine shafts are dug down to reach the coal.

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Power plants burn the coal to make electricity.

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A power plant or a power generating station, is basically an industrial location that is utilized for the generation and distribution of electric power in mass scale, usually in the order of several 1000 Watts.

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When coal is burned, it can pollute the air because it produces smoke.

Power plants and factories work hardto keep the pollution from getting into the air. They clean the coal before they burn it.

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They use scrubbers to clean the smoke before it goes into the air.

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Scrubbers

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Scrubber systems are a diverse group of air pollution control devices that can be used to remove some particulates and/or gases from industrial exhaust streams.

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Exhaust streams

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The stream (a continuous flow) of matter or radiation emitted from the nozzle of a rocket or other reaction engine.

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Coil - NR

Dragline.

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Is a big machine. We mine coal with big machines. A bucket is dragged along the ground to collect coal.

We dig tunnels under the ground to get coal.

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Coil - NR
We burn coal to make electricity.

1. In a power plant, coal is burned to create heat.

2. The heat changes water into steam.
What does steam mean?

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Is a visible mist or aerosol of water droplets formed as this water vapor condenses

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Coil - NR
3. The steam travels through pipes and spins a turbine.

4. The turbine spins coiled wire inside of magnets, creating electricity.

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5. Electricity travels through wires from the power plant to your house.

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Coil - NR

Advantages

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Reliability - avoiding blackouts

Affordability - Energy produced from coal fired plants is cheaper and more affordable than other energy sources.

Abundance. There are approximately over 300 years of economic coal deposits still accessible.

Known technologies - The production and use of coal as a fuel are well understood, and the technology required in producing it is constantly advancing.

Safety - Generally, coal fired plants are considered safer than nuclear power plants.

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Coil - NR

Disadvantages

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Greenhouse gas emissions - It cannot be denied that coal leaves behind harmful byproducts upon combustion. Carbon emissions.

Mining destruction - Mining of coal not only results in the destruction of habitat and scenery, but it also displaces humans as well.
Generation of millions of tons of waste - Millions of tons of waste products which can no longer be reused are generated from coal fired plants. Aside from the fact that these waste products contribute to waste disposal problems, these also contain harmful substances.

Emission of harmful substances - Thermal plants like coal fired plants emit harmful substances to the environment. These include mercury, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, mercury, selenium, and arsenic. These harmful substances not only cause acid rain but also are very harmful to humans as well.

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Geothermical Energy,
is a clean and renewable source of energy.

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It isheat inside the Earth. It is renewable.

In a few places, magma (ironand rock melted) comes close to the Earth’s surface. Itheats the water underground.

Earthquakes and volcanoes are signs that magma is near the surface.

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Geothermal - R

We can use this heated water.

The hot water we use will be replaced by rain.

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We dig wells and pump the hot water and steam out of the ground.

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Geothermal - R
Power plants use steam from geothermal wells to make...

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electricity. The steam is used to spin turbines. The turbines spin magnets in coils of copper wire to make electricity. The power plants are built close to the wells. The steam is pumped straight from the wells to the power plants

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Geothermal - R

Advantages

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Geothermal energy is clean energy. No fuel is burned, so there is no air pollution. The steam is turned intowater and put back into the Earth

It is cheap—once they are built, new power plantscan make electricity for less cost than coal or natural gas plants.

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Geothermal - R

Disadvantages

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Only found incertain places on Earth,

Can be expensiveto build the power plant