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266 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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When patint adaptations include either oliguria or polyuria, which nursing diagnosis would be most likely.
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deficient fluid volume
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A.diarrhea
B.impaired skin integrity C.deficient fluid volume D.imbalanced nutrition - < body requirements |
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The best source of potassium is:
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baked potato
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1. baked potato
2. bran flakes 3. lean meat 4. table salt |
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What is B.U.N.
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Blood Urea Nitrogen
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What amount of urine is excreted per day?
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approx 1 liter
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what are the three functions of kidneys
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secretion
reabsorption filtration |
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What is common symptoms during postcatheterization care?
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Urinary frequency
Dribbling Leakage Small Clots and Tissue Debris |
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How much urine should be voided by 2 days after surgery?
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150 - 200 ml of clear yellow urine every 3 - 4 hours
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What complication after TURP may happen?
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bleeding or hemorrhage
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When fluid intake is less that what is needed to met the body's fluid needs.
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dehydration
hypovolemia (fluid volume deficit) |
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What type of dehydration is when water and electrolytes are lost in equal proportions.
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isotonic dehydration
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isotonic dehydration
hypertonic dehydration hypotonic dehydration |
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what type of dehydration is when water loss is greater than electrolyte loss.
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hypertonic dehydration
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isotonic dehydration
hypertonic dehydration hypotonic dehydration |
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what type of dehydration is caused by excessive sweating, diarrhea and prolonged fever
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hypertonic dehydration
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isotonic dehydration
hypertonic dehydration hypotonic dehydration |
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what type of dehydration is cased by excessive fluid replacement, chronic illness, renal failure and sever malnutrition?
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hypotonic dehydration
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isotonic dehydration
hypertonic dehydration hypotonic dehydration |
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what is 2/3 of total body water fluid inside the cells?
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Intracellular fluid
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what is ICF?
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Intracellular fluid
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how much of total body water is intracellular fluid
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2/3 of total body water
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what hormone determines how much water is secreted or absorbed?
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ADH Hormone
Antidiuretic Hormone |
Renin
ADH aldosterone |
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which hormone controls salt secretion
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aldosterone
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Renin
ADH aldosterone |
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how much of total body water is in extracellular fluid
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1/3 of total body water
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what is ECF?
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extracellular fluid
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Urine output below 500ml per day is a renal manifestation of what?
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dehydration
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how much fluid can be lost with diarrhea?
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2 - 3 liters per da
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a renal manifestation of dehydration is urine output below how much fluid per day?
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500 milliliters per day
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life threatening dysrythmias can be caused by increased levels of what two nutrients?
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potassium
calcium |
sodium
potassium calcium chloride |
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What is scant urine output?
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oliguria
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enlargement of the kidney caused by blockage of urine lower in the tract and filling of the kidney with urine
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hydronephrosis
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what is hydronephrosis
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enlargement of the kidney caused by blockage of urine lower in the tract and filling of the kidney with urine
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what is a channel for the passage of fluids?
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conduit
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caruncle
calculi conduit anephric |
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what is the inflammation of the urinary bladder
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cystitis
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azotemia
cystitis azotitis anephritis |
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what is cystoscopy
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a medical procedure with a cystoscope to examine the bladder
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what is it meant when someone is anephric?
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they do not have kidneys
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what is the term for someone who does not have kidneys
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anephric
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what is the absence of urine formation?
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anuria
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what is anuria
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the absence of urine formation
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what is an accumulation of urinary waste products in the blood?
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azotemia
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anuria
anephric azotemia calculus |
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what is azotemia
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the accumulation of urinary waste products in the blood
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what is calculi?
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an abnormal concretion in the urinary tract (stones)
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what is a caruncle
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a deep red growth on the mucous membrane of the urinary meatus in women
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what is a deep red growth on the mucous membrane of the urinary meatus in women
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caruncle
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calculi
caruncle carbuncle |
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what is a carbuncle?
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an infection of hair follicles with formation of connecting sinuses after prostration
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what is an infection of hair follicles with formation of connecting sinuses after prostration
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carbuncle
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carbuncle
caruncle calculus |
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during dehydration, what happens to the respiratory rate
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it increases due to hypoxia
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increases due to hypoxia
decreases due to hypoxia |
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integumentary manifistations of dehydration are:
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poor skin turgor
no edema signs skin dry scaley oral mm are dry tongue may have deep furrows |
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if a person has poor skin turgor, no signs of edema, their skin is dry & scaley, the oral mm are dry and their tongue may have deep furrows, what does this indicate?
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dehydration
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what are two neruologic manifestations of deydration?
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low grade fever and mental status changes
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high grade fever and mental status changes or
low grade fever and mental status changes |
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what is a low concentration of sodium in the blood
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hyponatremia
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what is hyponatremia
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low concentration of sodium in the blood
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what is elevated blood potassium
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hyperkalemia
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what is low blood potassium
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hypokalemia
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what is hyperkalemia
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elevated blood potassium
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what is hypokalemia
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low blood potassium
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what is the safe levels of potassium
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3.5 to 5.0
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what is the safe levels of sodium
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136 to 145
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what is hypernatremia
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elevated blood sodium
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what is elevated blood sodium
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hypernatremia
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what is lower than normal blood calcium
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hypocalcemia
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what is higher than normal blood calcium
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hypercalcemia
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what are the safe levels for blood calcium?
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9 to 10.5
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changes in daily weights are best indicators of what?
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fluid losses or gains
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what is an indicator of fluid losses or gains
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changes in daily weights
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what is hypervolemia
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an abnormal increase in blood volume
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what is hypoproteinemia
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an decrease in serum proteins
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what is an abnormal increase in blood volume
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hypervolemia
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what is a decrease in serum proteins
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hypoproteinemia
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when electrolyte loss is greated than water loss
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hypotonic dehydration
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isotonic dehydration
hypertonic dehydration hypotonic dehydration |
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decreased circulating blood volume
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hypovolemia
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what type of dehydration decreases blood volume by poor intake of fluids etc.
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isotonic dehydration
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isotonic dehydration
hypertonic dehydration hypotonic dehydration |
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what does arterial bleeding look like?
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bright red or ketchup like with numerous clots
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what does venous bleeding look like?
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burgundy with or without any change in vital signs
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what type of bleeding is bright red or ketchup like with numerous clots
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arterial bleeding
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arterial bleeding
venous bleeding |
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what type of bleeding is burgundy with or without any change in vital signs
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venous bleeding
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arterial bleeding
venous bleeding |
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when patient assessment is a major indicator that the patient has the nursing diagnosis deficient fluid volume?
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negative I&O balance
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1. increased body temperature
2. decreased blood pressure 3. negative I&O balance 4. shortness of breath |
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the nurse understands that a pt receiving a hypertonic IV solution may experience excess fluid in the intravenous compartment as a result of
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oncotic pressure
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1. atmospheric pressure
2. hydrostatic pressure 3. intraocular pressure 4. oncotic pressure |
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when pt assessment is a major indicator that the patient has the nursing diagnosis deficient fluid volume?
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negative balance of I & O
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1. increased body temp
2. decreased blood pressure 3. negative balance of I & O 4. shortness of breath |
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where is the catheter taped after prostate surgery
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the upper thigh
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Who determines when the traction from prostate surgery can be removed?
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the physician
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How long after surgery is traction from prostate surgery removed?
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first day after surgery and/or after the continuous bladder irrigation is removed
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When patients are taking supplemental calcium, it is important that they be taught to maintain their fluid intake at a minimum of 2500 cc a day to prevent the:
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formaton of kidney stones
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1. formation of kidney stones
2. occurence of muscle cramps 3. irritation of the blader mucosa 4. mobilization of calcium from bone |
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The nurse evaluates that a patient understands the teaching about foods high in potassium when reviewing the menu for dinner the patient selects:
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lettuce and tomato salad
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1. baked salmon filet
2. cooked chicken liver 3. cream of chicken soup 4. lettuce and tomato salad |
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when caring for a patient who is anorexic, the nurse should understand that liquid supplements:
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can be less filling than foods of equal calories
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1. should be encouraged with meals.
2. can be ordered without a physician's orders. 3. can be less filling than foods of equal calories. 4. should be delivered via tube feeding to be most effective. |
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when recording a patient's I&O, what should be recorded at approximately 1/2 it's volume?
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ice chips PO
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1. ice chips PO
2. CBI 3. tube feeding of 1/2 formula and 1/2 water 4. solution used to maintain patency of a tube |
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Which is the best choice for an appetizer when following a 2-gram sodium diet?
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fresh vegetable sticks
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1. pigs in a blanket
2. stuffed mushrooms 3. chees & crackers 4. fresh vegetable sticks |
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An intravenous infusion has infiltrated when inspection of the insertion site appears
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edematous
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1. hard
2. inflamed 3. reddened 4. edematous |
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Which adaptation is common to both excess fluid volume and deficient fluid volume?
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weakness
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1. hypotension
2. weakness 3. agitation 4. dyspnea |
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Before administering an IV solution containing potassium to a patient, it is essential that the nurse:
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determine the presence of urinary output
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1. assess the skin turgor
2. rate the depth of edema 3. obtain the blood pressure 4. determine the presence of urinary output. |
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which problem would place the patient at the greatest risk for hyperkalemia?
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burns
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1. diaphoresis
2. vomiting 3. diarrhea 4. burns |
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when assessing the skin of an older adult, which adaptation would be cause for greatest concern?
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tenting of the skin
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1. flat, brown-colored spots on the skin.
2. thin translucent skin 3. tenting of the skin 4. dry, flaky skin |
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what is the primary cause of diarrhea in a patient receiving a tube feeding?
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a high osmolarity of the feeding
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1. a high osmolarity of the feeding.
2. an inadequate volume of the feeding 3. failure to test for a residual before the feeding 4. lying in the high-fowler's position during the feeding |
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which would be most important when assessing adult patients for the effects of vomiting?
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electrolyte values
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1. electrolyte values
2. mouth condition 3. bowel function 4. body weight |
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when a patient exhibits an increasing blood pressure and a two pound weight gain over 2 days, the nurse should further assess the patient for:
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an increase in pulse volume
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1. a decreased heart rate
2. an increase in skin turgor 3. an increase in pulse volume 4. a decrease in pulse pressure |
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which would be the best way to evaluate the effectiveness of diuretic therapy for a patient with 4+ dependent edema?
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weigh daily
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1. weigh daily
2. assess skin turgor 3. measure calf girth 4. monitor urine specific gravity |
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a patient becomes hypertensive and short of breath after receiving an IV solution that functions as a volume expander. Before notifying the physician, in which position should the nurse place the patient?
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reverse trendelenburg
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1. Sims
2. Supine 3. Dorsal recument 4. reverse trendelenburg |
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the nurse recognizes that the patient understands the importance of eating broccoli when the patient says
"broccoli is a great source of" |
potassium
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1. iron
2. starch 3. calcium 4. potassium |
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which could the nurse include on a full-liquid diet that is not included on a clear-liquid diet?
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milk
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1. cranberry juice
2. ginger ale 3. jello 4. milk |
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a patient is admitted to the hospital for a fever of unknown origin. The nursing assessment reveals profuse diaphoresis, dry sticky mm, weakness, disorientation, and a decreasing level of consciousness. The nurse infers that the patient has:
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hypernatremia
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1. hyperkalemia
2 hypercalcemia 3. hypernatremia 4. hypermagnesemia |
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When a patient is suspected of being hypovolemic, the nurse should further assess the patient for which adaptation?
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thready pulse
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1. decreased heart rate
2. thready pulse 3. hypertension 4. dyspnea |
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Which food selection by a patient would indicate an understanding regarding an abundant source of calcium?
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yogurt
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1. bread
2. yogurt 3. green beans 4. peanut butter |
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most obvious clinical manifestation in dehydration that is life threatening
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decrease in the plasma volume
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cardiovascular symptoms in dehydration
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heart rate increases
plasma decreases peripheral pulses are weaker blood pressure decreases pulse pressure decreases neck & hand veins remain flat |
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what indicates possible bladder obstruction?
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bladder spasms
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what do you do when the urinary catheter is obstructed during continuous bladder irrigation
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turn off the CBI, and irrigate the catheter with 30 - 40 ml of normal saline with a large piston syringe
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what is viscocity
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thickness (example blood)
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what is permeable
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porous
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what is the word that means when 2 spaces have higher hydrostatic pressure than each other?
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gradient
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what is one very important area for homeostasis?
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maintaing the body's normal fluid volume & composition
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the movement of fluid thru a cell or blood vessel membrane
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filtration
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what is filtration
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the movement of fluid thru a cell or blood vessel membrane
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what is hydrostatic pressure
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the force of the weight of water molecules pressing against the confining water
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the force f the weight of water molecules pressing against the confining water
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hydrostatic pressure
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what is interstitial fluid?
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the fluid between cells
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what is the fluid between cells?
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interstitial fluid
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how often and how long does dialysis take?
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4-6 hours 2 to 3 times a week until kidney transplant
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what is the main cause of death in transplant patients?
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infection
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Is potassium extracellular or intracellular?
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intracellular
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what is pH level of urine normally?
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6
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what is acidosis?
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seen in chronic renal failure. it increases respirations. it is an excessive hydrogen level in blood.
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what is an excessive hydrogen level in blood?
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acidosis
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ADH
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anti diuretic hormone
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what is ADH functions?
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helps control fluid balance
causes vasoconstriction decreases rate of respiration regulates blood pressure |
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what helps control fluid balance, cause vasoconstriction, decrease respiration rates and regulates blood pressure?
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ADH
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Is sodium extracellular or intracellular?
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extracellular
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The best source of potassium is?
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baked potato
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1. baked potato
2. bran flakes 3. lean meat 4. table salt |
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when discontinuing a patients intravenous infusion, it is essential that the nurse
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withdraw the catheter along the same angle of its insertion
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1. withdraw the catheter along the same angle of its insertion
2. wipe the area with an alcohol swab 3. flush the line with normal saline 4. wear sterile gloves |
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what is alkalosis
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it is increased bicarbonate ions caused by excess antacids or prolonged vomiting or sweating
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an increase bicarbonate ions caused by excess antacids or prolonged vomiting or sweating
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what is alkalosis
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what is renal osteodystrophy?
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brittle bones
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what is the term for brittle bones
|
renal osteodystrophy
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what are some drugs that are contraindicated with renal impairment
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antibiotics
digitalis salicylates long lasting barbiturates |
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when regulating blood pressure, the renal system produces what enzyme when blood pressur is decreased?
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Kenin
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what hormone is produced by the renal system that stimulates production of red blood cells in bone marrow
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erythropoeitin
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the renal system activates what vitamin
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vitamin D
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what conditions are caused by decreased vitamin D
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ricket in children and osteomalacia in adults
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what vitamin does vitamin D help absorb
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calcium
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what does the sun do and how is its product or action get processed through the body?
|
the liver processes it
the parathyroid secretes the hormones and they kidney converts vitamin D into the blood stream |
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Which food should be avoided by a patient who must follow a 2-graham sodium diet?
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cheese
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the primary reason tube feedings cause diarrhea are because they are:
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hypertonic
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isotonic
hypotonic hypertonic |
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what should be done with the irrigant on an I&O sheet when calculating the fluid balance for a patient with a CBI?
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deduct it from the total urine output
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1. add it to oral intake
2. deduct it from the total urine output 3. subtract it from the IV flow sheet as output 4. document the intake hourly in the urine output column |
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which assessent is best when monitoring an older adult's fluid and electrolyte status?
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serum laborator
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1. intake and output
2. serum laboratory 3. condition of the skin 4. presence of tenting |
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salt sensitive people should avoid
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pickles
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1. mayonnaise
2. pickles, 3. eggs 4. fish |
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which fluid can be found on a clear liquid diet
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ginger ale
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1. ginger ale
2. lemon sherbert 3. vanilla ice cream 4. cream of chicken soup |
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which adaptation would indicate a potassium deficiency
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muscle weakness
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1. increased BP
2. muscles weakness 3. chest pain 4. dry hair |
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the nurse suspects a patient may have the nursing diagnosis. Excess fluid volume when the patient's skin appears:
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taut and shiny
|
1. edemous
2. dry and flaky 3. taut and shiny |
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When a patient has an increased production of ADH and aldosterone, the nurse should expect what decrease in the patient's body?
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urinary output
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1. blood pressure
2. urinary output 3. body temperature 4. insensible fluid loss |
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the nurse would determine that inflammation of a vein may have occured at an IV site if when touching the area it:
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causes discomfort
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1. feels soft
2. seems cool 3. produces pallor 4. causes discomfort |
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clinical manifestations that are common to both hypokalemia and hyperkalemia
|
muscle weakness and dysrhythmias
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1. nause and vomiting
2. irritability and confusion 3. muscle weakness & dysrhythmias 4. hyperkalemia |
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a reduction in fluid intake will contribute to:
|
decreased urine output
|
1. decreased urine ouput
2. incontinence 3. retention of urine 4. frequent urine |
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when weighing a patient daily for the purpose of evaluating fluid loss or gain, the nurse should weigh the patient
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at same time each day
|
1. twice a day
2. 1 hour before meals 3. at same time each day 4. before urinating in the morning |
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the best source of calcium is:
|
cheese
|
1. cheese
2. lettuce 3. peppers 4. oranges |
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which adaptation would most specifically indicate that IV fluid replacement is adequate
|
urine output 50 ml/hour
|
1. moist lips
2. bounding pulse 3. blood pressure 96/60 4. urine ouput 50 ml/hour |
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the nurse suspects that a patient receiving IV fluids is experiencing a fluid overload when assessment reveas
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dyspnea, headache and increased blood pressure
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1. chills, fever, and generalized discomfort.
2. dyspnea, headache and increased blood pressure 3. pallor, swelling, and discomfort at the insertion site. 4. a blood return in the tubing close to the insertion site |
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which sould most likely be limited first when a patient has hypertension?
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sodium
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1. sodium
2. potassium 3. protein 4. fluids |
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the nurse understands that excess fluid in the interstitial compartment results from increased:
|
hydrostatic pressure
|
1. oncotic pressure
2. diffusion pressure 3. hydrostatic pressure 4. intraventricular pressure |
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the physician of a critically ill patient should be notified when the patient's hourly urine output first falls below:
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30 cc
|
1. 20 cc
2. 30 cc 3. 60 cc 4. 120 cc |
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patients who are taking diuretics must be encouraged to ingest nutrients are rich in:
|
potassium
|
1. magnesium
2. potassium 3. calcium 4. sodium |
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when evaluating I&O, the fluid intake should be:
|
1. about the same as the fluid output
|
1. about the same as the fluid output
2. less than the urine output 3. more than the fluid output 4. equal to the urine output |
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|
the most effective nursing intervention to encourage a confused patient to drink more fluid would be to:
|
offer patient drinks every hour
|
1. serve fluid at a tepid temp
2. explain rationale of fluids 3. offer patient drinks every hour 4. leave a pitcher of water at bedside |
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|
the best source of calcium is
|
sardines
|
1. rice
2. celery 3. sardines 4. tomatoes |
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when it is determined that an IV infusion has infiltrated, the nurses first action should be to:
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remove infusion and start it in another site
|
1. slow the infusion to a KVO rate
2. clamp tubing and initiate an incident report 3. remove infusion and start it in another site 4. notify physician of the infiltration |
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the patient on a 2-gram sodium restricted diet should avoid
|
diet root beer
|
1. kool-aide
2. club soda 3. lemonade 4. diet root beer |
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damage to renal parenchyma is what type of acute renal failure?
|
intrarenal
|
intrarenal
prerenal postrenal |
|
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what are three phases of acute renal failure?
|
oliguric phase
diuretic phase recovery phase |
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interference with the renal perfusion is what type of acute renal failure?
|
prerenal
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intrarenal
prerenal postrenal |
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obstruction in the urinary tract anywhere from the tubules to the urethral eatus is what type of acute renal failure?
|
postrenal
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intrarenal
prerenal postrenal |
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what is caused when metabolites accumulate in the body and urinary ouput changes?
|
acute renal failure
|
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three major types of acute renal failure are:
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prerenal
intrarenal postrenal |
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|
mortality from disease of the urinary system is generally associated with damage of what tissues of the kidnesy?
|
interstitial
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interstitial tissues
extracellular tissue intracellular tissue |
|
|
primary objectives for treatment of diseases of the urinary systems are:
|
early detection
adequate therapy |
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dilation of the ureters is:
|
hydroureters
|
hyperureters
hypoureters hydroureters uretitis |
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extrophy of the urinary bladder is when the bladder is where
|
outer abdominal wall
|
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when the bladders is on the outer abdominal wall, what is this caled?
|
extrophy of they urinary bladder
|
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what is hydroureters
|
dilation of the ureters
|
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what is episadias
|
the opening of the uretrha on dorsum of penis
|
|
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what is the opening of the urethra on the dorsum of the penis
|
epispadias
|
hypospadius
epispadias |
|
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what is the hypospadias
|
the opening of the urethra under the penis
|
the opeing of the urethra under the penis
or the opening of the urethra on the dorsum of the penis |
|
|
what is the opening of the urethra under the penis
|
hypospadias
|
hypospadius
epispadias |
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|
some of the surgical care for hypospadias are:
|
double diaper
bed cradle no running,jumping or climbing |
|
|
|
what is polycystic disease
|
inherited disease involving the kidneys bilateraly
|
|
|
|
what is an inherited disease involving the kidneys bilaterally
|
polycystic disease
|
|
|
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what is infantile polycystic disease
|
recessive trait - usually die few months after birth
|
|
|
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what is adult polycystic disease
|
dominant - ESRD 10-15 years post signs and symptoms
|
|
|
|
what type of kidney disease can genetic counseling help control the spread of?
|
polycystic disease
|
|
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are there any preventative measures for polycystic disease in infants?
|
no
|
|
|
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ESRD
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end stage renal disease
|
|
|
|
abdominal or flank pain
hematuria hypertension enlarged kidney recurrent uti's |
polycstic disease
|
|
|
|
what are some symptoms of polycystic disease
|
abdminal or flank pain
hypertension hematuria recurrent uti's enlarged kidney |
|
|
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what is a medical intervention for polycystic disease
|
there isn't any
|
|
|
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in polycystic disease, how are infections treated
|
with antibiotics
|
|
|
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why do females have more risk of obtaining a UTI?
|
because they have shorter urethra's
|
|
|
|
tumors, prostatic hypertrophy and calculi are risk factors for:
|
lower uti
|
upper uti
lower uti polycystic disease |
|
|
congenital spinal cord malformations, spinal cord injury, and multiple sclerosis are risk factors for:
|
lower uti
|
upper uti
lower uti polycystic disease |
|
|
what are some chronic diseases with lower uti risk
|
gout, diabetes, hypertension, sickle cell disease, polycystic disease, glomerulonephritis
|
|
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what procedures are risks for lower uti
|
instrumentation
catheterization diagnostic procedures |
|
|
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a large urine flow, a free urine flow and complete emptying of the bladder can prevent?
|
lower uti
|
upper uti
lower uti polycystic disease |
|
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what are signs and symptoms of lower uti's?
|
frequency
urgency burning hematuria fever |
|
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what are some patient teaching for lower uti's
|
no bubble baths
white toilet paper no parfumes no sit-down baths perineal cleansing wiping from front to back coton underwear voiding before intercourse |
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|
pyelonephritis
|
bacterial infection of kidney
|
|
|
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what is a bacterial infection of the kidney
|
pyelonephritis
|
polycystic disease
pyelonephritis |
|
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what isthe most common serious bacterial illness in young children that can cause renal scarring, ESRD, and complications with pregnancy
|
pyelonephritis
|
polycystic disease
pyelonephritis |
|
|
what infection of the kidneys usually begins in the urinary tract and ascends into the kidneys
|
pyelonephritis
|
polycystic disease
pyelonephritis |
|
|
what are some symptoms of pyelonephritis
|
flank pain
dysuria (pain with urination) costal vertigo rib pain and s&s of uti |
|
|
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what kidney infection is most commony associated with cystitis
|
pyelonephritis
|
polycystic disease
pyelonephritis |
|
|
septicemia, chronic health problems, analgesic abuse, polycystic kidney disease and hypertensive kidney disease are risk factors for:
|
pyelonephritis
|
|
|
|
which type of pyelonephritis temporarily affects renal function and rarely progresses to renal failure
|
acute
|
acute
chronic |
|
|
what type of pyelonephritis destroys renal tissue permanently thru repeated inflammation & scarring?
|
chronic
|
acute
chronic |
|
|
what type of pyelonephritis is highest in children who have a UTI prior to age one
|
chronic
|
acute chronic
|
|
|
what kidney infection include symptoms of lower uti in addition to chills, fever, malaise, flank pain, costoverterbral tendernes and leukocytosis
|
pyelonephritis
|
polycystic disease
peylonephritis hypertensive kidney disease |
|
|
what type of pyelonephritis has chills, fever, flank pain, leukocytosis, bacteria and wbc in urine, and s/s of uti
|
acute
|
acute
chronic |
|
|
what type of pyelonephritis
has interstitial nephritis, no s/s of infection, wbc wnl, fatique, poor appetite, polyuria, excessive thirst |
chronic
|
acute
chronic |
|
|
what type of pyelonephritis may include prophylactic therapy
|
chronic
|
acute
chronic |
|
|
what type of kidney infection is treated with antibacterial therapy based on urine cultures
|
pyelonephritis
|
polycystic disease
pyelonephritis hypertensive kidney disease |
|
|
how long should a patient take antibiotic therapy for treatment of kidney diseases
|
until all medicine is taken, even if s/s disappear before then
|
|
|
|
how many liquids should one drink to help prevent kidney diseases
|
3L or 8 8oz glasses a day
|
|
|
|
how would you notice sudden gains in weight
|
a daily weight that shows a 2.2. lb gain
|
|
|
|
when should a child follow up with the physician ater treatment for pyelonephritis
|
6 months to determine amount of renal damage and necessity for prophylaxis
|
|
|
|
what is prophylaxis
|
treatment to prevent
|
|
|
|
tuberculosis of the kidney is secondary to
|
pulmonary tuberculosis
|
|
|
|
s/s of loss of appetite, unexplained weight loss, intermittent fever, and possible hematuria
|
pulmonar tuberculosis
|
|
|
|
what are the interventions for tuberculosis of the kidneys
|
same as pyelonephritis
|
|
|
|
what is the idiosyncratic reaction that results in damage to the tubules and interstitium of the kidneys
|
chemical induced nephritis
|
|
|
|
how long after exposure to a chemical does chemical induced nephritis usually begin
|
15 days
|
10 days
7 days 1 month 15 days |
|
|
what are three categories that may induce chemical induced nephritis?
|
solvents
antibiotics heavy metals |
|
|
|
what disease affects the glomeruli of both kidneys
|
glomerulonephritis
|
|
|
|
is glomerulonephritis acute, chronic or latent
|
all three
|
|
|
|
is pyelonephritis acute, chronic or latent
|
acute and chronic
|
|
|
|
what type of renal disease is causedby strep infections?
|
glomerulonephritis
|
pyelonephritis
polycystic disease glomerulonephritis tuberculosis of the kidney |
|
|
what type of kidney disease my be caused by vascular injury, metabolic disease, disseminated iv coagulation (DIC)
|
glomerulonephritis
|
pyelonephritis
tuberculosis of the kidney chemical induced nephritis glomerulonephritis |
|
|
what type of kidney disease commonl occurs after scarlet fever, mumps, impetigo, hep B, HIV
|
glomerulonephritis
|
pyelonephritis
tuberculosis of the kidney chemical induced nephritis glomerulonephritis |
|
|
what kidney disease affects predominantly children of preschool and gradeschool
|
glomerulonephritis
|
pyelonephritis
tuberculosis of the kidney chemical induced nephritis glomerulonephritis |
|
|
what type of kidney disease produces swelling and death of capillary cells
|
glomerulonephritis
|
pyelonephritis
tuberculosis of the kidney chemical induced nephritis glomerulonephritis |
|
|
what are three interventions one can do for acute glomerulonephritis?
|
24 hour urine
daily weight I&O |
|
|
|
sob,headache, flank pain, proteinuria, generalized edema, hypertension, decreased output
|
acute glomerulonephritis
|
acute pyelonephritis
latent chemical induced nephritis or acute glomerulonephritis |
|
|
what are the lab values for potassium
|
3.5 - 5.3
|
135 - 146
3.5 - 5.3 |
|
|
what are the lab values for sodium
|
135 - 146
|
135 - 146
3.5 - 5.3 |
|
|
what type of kidney disease produces coughing, foamy, frothy secretions
|
acute glomerulonephritis
|
acute glomerulonephritis
acute nephritis chronic glomerulonepritis acute pyleonephritis |
|
|
what is the recovery period for acute glomerulonephritis
|
up to 2 years
|
up to 3 years
up to 2 years up to 1 year 6 months |
|
|
what are the preventative measures for chronic glomerulonephritis
|
there are no preventative measures
|
|
|
|
what percent of children recover fro acute glomerulonephritis
|
90%
|
50%
75% 90% 40% |
|
|
what type of kidney disease decreases the size of the kidney
|
chronic glomerulonephritis
|
chronic polycystic disease
chronic glomerulonephritis acute nephritis acute glomerulonephritis |
|
|
what type of kidney disease may be indicated by retinal hemorrhages
|
chronic glomerulonephritis
|
chronic polycystic disease
chronic glomerulonephritis acute nephritis acute glomerulonephritis |
|
|
what type of kidney disease may be indicated by dypnea on exertion, blurring of viion, nocturia, normal renal function, weight loss, CVA, convulsion
|
chronic glomerulonephritis
|
chronic polycystic disease
chronic glomerulonephritis acute nephritis acute glomerulonephritis |
|
|
what type of disease has been associated with insect bites, pollen, herpes zoster, sever chf, pregnancy
|
nephrotic syndrome
|
chronic polycystic disease
chronic glomerulonephritis nephrotic syndrome acute glomerulonephritis |
|
|
what type of disease causes the GFR gloerular filtration rate to decrease
|
nephrotic syndrome
|
chronic polycystic disease
glomerulonephritis nephrotic syndrome chronic glomerulonephritis |
|
|
what type of disease is common in children between ages 2 - 7
|
nephrotic syndrome
|
chronic polycystic disease
glomerulonephritis nephrotic syndrome chronic glomerulonephritis |
|
|
how long after developing nephrosis does adults have the possibility of progressing to renal failure
|
5 years
|
1 year
15 years 7 years 5 years |
|
|
protein is excreted and serum albumin is decreased in this type of kidney disease
|
nephrotic syndrome
|
chronic polycystic disease
glomerulonephritis nephrotic syndrome chronic glomerulonephritis |
|
|
pronounced edema
pronounced proteinuria loss of appetite dark, frothy urine |
nephrotic syndrome
|
chronic polycystic disease
glomerulonephritis nephrotic syndrome chronic glomerulonephritis |
|
|
reducing sodium intake and increasing proteins and calories is treatment for what type of kidney disease
|
nephrotic syndrome
|
chronic polycystic disease
glomerulonephritis nephrotic syndrome chronic glomerulonephritis |
|
|
early stages of nephrosis uses the same nursing as:
|
acute glomeruloephritis
|
chronic polycystic disease
glomerulonephritis nephrotic syndrome chronic glomerulonephritis |
|
|
late stages of nephrosis
uses he same nursing as: |
chronic renal failure
|
chronic polycystic disase
acute glomerulonephritis chronic glomerulonephritis nephrotic syndrome |
|
|
what organ is one of the most vascular organs of the body
|
the kidneys
|
|
|
|
5% of all cases of hypertension cause what type of result to the kidneys
|
renal artery stenosis
|
renal artery stenosis
nephrosclerosis nephroblastoma |
|
|
hypertension can cause what 2 types of results to the kidneys (damage)
|
renal artery stenosis
nephrosclerosis |
renal artery stenosis
nephrosclerosis nephroblastoma |
|
|
diabetics had an increased or decreased rate of vascular changes
|
increased
|
|
|
|
most common primary malignant tumor of the kidney in children is called
|
Wilms tumor
|
|
|
|
abdominal swelling in a child's abdomine is 1st indications of what problem
|
Wilm's tumor
|
|
|
|
what age is typical for Wilm's tuor
|
age 3
|
5
3 2 1 |
|
|
when can a parent notice Wilm's tumor on their child
|
during bathing
|
|
|
|
what type of treatment is available for Wilm's tumor
|
chemotherapy and surgery
|
|
|
|
when a wilm's tumor is found, what type of assessment should not be taken
|
palpation
|
|
|
|
what type of activities should a child with a wilm's tumor avoid?
|
contact sports
|
|
|
|
When is catheter irrigation necessary?
|
when the catheter becomes occluded with sediment or blood clots.
|
|
|
|
what can cold water in a catheter irrigation do to the bladder?
|
it can cause bladder spasms
|
|
|
|
what can cause infection during a catheter irrigation
|
contaminated fluids or supplies.
|
|
|
|
what can trying to void around a catheter cause?
|
bladder spasms
|
|
|
|
what is most common complication after TURP
|
venous bleeding
|
|
|
|
two types of bleeding post-op TURP
|
venous or arterial bleeding
|
|
