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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the chief mechanism of glomerular damage in acute proliferative (poststreptococcal) glomerulonephritis?
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Immune Complex Injury
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What is the most common cause of acute renal failure?
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Acute Tubular Necrosis
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What is the term for the biochemical abnormality that refers to an elevation of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels?
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Azotemia
(Azotemia is a medical condition characterized by abnormal levels of nitrogen-containing compounds, such as urea, creatinine, various body waste compounds, and other nitrogen-rich compounds in the blood. It is largely related to insufficient filtering of blood by the kidneys.) |
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Hypertension is an important risk factor in the development in which of the following conditions?
a. coronary heart disease b. diabetes mellitis c. cerebrovascular accidents (stroke) d. a & c e. All of the above |
d. a & c
(not diabetes according to Miedler, but the government says it is a cause of diabetes) |
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An uncontrolled diabetic patient can have which of the following?
a. elevated blood pH b. osmotic diuresis c. a decrease in Pco2 d. increased resorption of blood glucose |
b,c,d
decreased blood pH (more acidic) decrease in Pco2 (due to compensation) increased resorption of blood glucose (due to the higher quantity of glucose floating around in the blood) They would also have an increased H+ concentration |
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What reabsorbs 7/8 of fluid in the initial urine?
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Proximal Convoluted Tubule PCT
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What are the normal levels of bicarbonate, pH, & CO2?
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Bicarbonate = 24 mM
pH = 7.4 Arterial Pco2 = 40 mmHg |
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A patient exhibits plasma bicarbonate concentration of 28 mM and arterial Pco2 of 45 mmHg. What is going on with the balance?
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Respiratory acidosis
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What would an increase in plasma albumin do to circulation?
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Decrease the tendency to form edema.
(oncotic pressure sucks) |
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Where are the renal glomerular portions of the nephron located?
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Only found in the cortex
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What is going on in a patient who is exhibiting a pH of 7.4 and has elevated bicarbonate?
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Compensated Metabolic Acidosis
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Which of the following is not a plasma protein?
a. Zinc transport b. Antigen recognition c. Osmotic regulation d. Blood clot formation e. all of the above |
a. Zinc transport
(this was the correct answer on the test, but someone found a reference that albumin transports zinc so all of the above was also accepted. The question was designed to recognize that Ceruloplasmin transports Copper.) |
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The most important plasma protein is:
a. α1 lipoprotein b. β1 lipoprotein c. ɣ globulin d. Ceruloplasmin e. Albumin |
e. Albumin
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Which of the following is LEAST likely to be found in the plasma of a normal healthy individual?
a. albumin b. thrombin c. ɣ globulin d. Calcium e. Fibrinogen |
b. thrombin
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The primary protein for osmotic regulation is:
a. albumin b. plasminogen c. α1 lipoprotein d. transferrin e. prothrombin |
a. Albumin
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Which of the following binds to bilirubin?
a. Albumin b. Gamma globulin c. Apoprotein d. Ferritin e. Fibrinogen |
a. Albumin
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A reduction in the oxygen-transporting capacity of the blood is termed:
a. Anoxia b. Infarction c. Ischemia d. Anemia e. Hyperemia |
d. Anemia
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Acute blood loss is most likely to lead to which of the following?
a. Hypertension b. Anemia c. Hypovolemia (shock) d. Hyperthermia e. All of the above |
c. Hypovolemia (shock)
(anemia was also an acceptable answer since Dr. Petrolla has 2 slides in her diseases of RBC that clearly state that anemia is a result of acute blood loss) |
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Most hemoglobinopathies are a result of which of the following?
A. a single amino acid substitution in the globin chain B. acute blood loss C. chronic blood loss D. Long-term iron deficiency E. Sudden onset of myelofibrosis |
A. a single amino acid substitution in the globin chain
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Which is a form of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)?
a. burkitt lymphoma b. multiple myeloma c. hodgkin's lymphoma d. thrombocytopenia e. small cell lymphocytic lymphoma |
e. small cell lymphocytic lymphoma
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An individual homozygous for HbS is said to have:
a. sickle cell trait b. sickle cell disease c. sickle cell carrier state d. thalassemia minor e. thalassemia major |
b. sickle cell disease
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All of the following statements about erythrocytes are true Except:
a. they are bioconcave discs b. they contain free ribosomes c. their glycocalyx includes blood group substances d. they have a life span of 120 days e. they engage in anaerobic respiration |
b. they contain free ribosomes
(erythrocytes do not have organelles) |
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Which are the largest cells in human blood?
a. lymphocytes b. plasma cells c. monocytes d. macrophages e. neutrophils |
c. Monocytes
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Platelets are:
a. large cells that lack a nucleus b. small cells with a lobated nucleus c. small cells that lack a nucleus d. fragments of megakaryocytes e. carriers of hemoglobin |
d. fragments of megakaryocytes
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When monocytes enter the alveolar connective tissue, they differentiate into:
a. neutrophils b. basophils c. myofibroblasts d. plasma cells e. macrophages |
e. macrophages
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A young woman has a severe case of seasonal hay fever. A smear of her blood during the hay fever season would reveal increased numbers of:
a. mast cells b. eosinophils c. basophils d. neutrophils e. monocytes |
b. eosinophils
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