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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Excretory Sytem or Urinary Systems organs are:
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1. pair kidneys
2. pair of ureters 3. Urinary Bladder 4. Urethra |
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What do the kidneys do? and why?
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Make urine
Why? to create stability of our blood plasma. |
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We make urine to....
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adjust the quality and quantity ouf our plasma.
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Who is on the high priority list in maintaining Homeostasis in the body?
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Kidneys
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Kidneys position?
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*very dorsal (making them vulnerable)
*11-12 ribs *Right Kidney lower *Ureters too on the doral side *Bladder sits on the floor of the pelvis. |
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Kidneys have an indentation to the medial side of them what is that called?
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Hilus (all plumming comes from)
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Hilus
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1. Renal artery
2. Renal vein 3. Ureter 4. Nerve supply 5. lymphatic vessels |
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Root
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all the plumming
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Kidneys are surrounded and protected by?
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Adipose tissue
Renal Fat or Renal fascia. If fat were to decrease tremendously as in a starving person, a floating kidney can occur. Kincking vessels and or uretes and can cut off blood flow and uretes can cause extreme pain. |
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Kidneys are not located in a parietal peritoneum, giving them the name of?
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Retroperitoneal
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Ureters has two layers of muscle tissue causing the peristalsis to push urine out.
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1. Lenght (allow to shorten)
2. Circular (constrict and dilate) |
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Where is bladder located?
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Behind pubic bone, sitting on the floor of the pelvis.
Empty: below level of pubic bone. Full: above level of pubic bone. |
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Ureters are connected to the bladder on the..
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connect on the postirior side fairly down below.
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A triangular are inside the bladder made up of ureters opening and exit of the urethra called?
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Trigone
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In the urethra you have tow sphicters. The Internal urethral sphicter and the External urethral sphicter. Which one can you control?
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The external sphicter wrapped around with sk muscle. Where as the Internal sphincter is wrapped with smooth muscle. NO control over that one.
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How do we make the External urethral sphicter work?
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by a simple reflex (just like the knee jerk reflex. Called the "Micturition Reflex"
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Micturiton Reflex?
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Mechanism for emptying bladder. When urine fills bladder stretch receptors in the trigone sends nerve impulses through (Afferent fibers) synapsing to (Efferent fibers ) Motor neurons in the sacral segment of spinal cord and back to the muscle tissue making it contracts.
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If spinal cord injury is in the sacral region will the bladder empty or become paralyze?
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paralyze (won't empty)
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Notice Afferent fibers goes up to the CNS too! What does this cause?
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The urge to void (urinate). You decide when you are ready and when you are, impulses will go down brain stem, sc, synapsing to a motor neuron out to the bladder sending messages to the External urethral sphicter.
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who sends the impulse to go up to the brain to make you feel the urge to void?
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External urethral sphicter.
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If pt has a SCI above the sacral segment will the bladder empty?
Will the pt be continent? (control of urge_? |
YES!
b/c reflex is intact. But pt will not be continent b/c impulse will be disconnected from the brain and have no control over External urethral sphicter. |
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Inside the kidney consist of two parts?
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1. Renal cortex (superficial outer layer)
2. Renal Medulla |
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Renal Medulla consist of two parts?
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1. Pyramid (dark texture and lighter texture)
2. Columns (ligher shapes bt pyramid ) "very vascular" |
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Renal lobe?
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pyramid--cortex--column
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Nephron?
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Renal tubules
basic functional unit of the kidneys. |
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Blood Vessels of Kidney?
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Renal artery--Interlobar arteries--Arcuate arteries--Interlobular arteries--NEPHRON--Interlobular veins--Arcuate veins--Interlobar veins--Renal vein--- Inferior Vena Cava
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Nephron
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*3-4 cm long
* one layer (simple cuboidal epi) *3 million of nephrons *each one of them makes urine |
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Inside Bowman's Capsule is the microcirculation. What is it?
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Bowman's capsule--Afferent aterioles--glomerular capillaries--Efferent arterioles---out to peritubular capillaries
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podocytes?
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Cells that wrap aroud hte capillaries of the glomerulus to change the degree of (capillary filtration)>?
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Efferent arterioles what does it do?
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make capillary leak out like mad (like kinking a water hole)
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Filtrate will go down the nephron. What are the names from beggining to end.
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Bowman's capsule--PCT--Descending limb of loop of Henle--Ascending limb of loop of Henle--DCT--Collecting Duct
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Two different type of Nephrons?
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1. Cortical nephron
2. Juxtamedullary nephron (longer look and concentrates or urine). |
