Renal System Pt. 1, Ch 35 Mccance

Front 1

The glomerulus contains loops of capillaries that loop in the Bowman capsule. The capillary walls serve as a

Back 1

filtration membrane for the formation of the primary urine.

Front 2

The layers of the glomerular capillary include the endothelium, basement membrane, and epithelium. The epithelium is composed of podocytes that

Back 2

interlock to provide filtration slits.

Front 3

Juxtaglomerular cells secrete renin and are located

Back 3

around the afferent arteriole.

Front 4

The proximal tubule is lined with microvilli to

Back 4

increase surface area and enhance reabsorption.

Front 5

The hairpin-shaped loops of Henle selectively transport

Back 5

solutes and water

Front 6

The distal tubule adjusts acid-base balance by

Back 6

excreting acid into the urine and forming new bicarbonate ions.

Front 7

The collecting duct contains principal cells that resorb sodium and water and excrete potassium and intercalated cells that secrete

Back 7

hydrogen or bicarbonate and potassium.

Front 8

When accumulation of urine reaches 250 to 300 mL, mechanoreceptors, which respond to stretching of tissue,

Back 8

stimulate the micturition reflex.

Front 9

The glomerulus contains loops of capillaries that loop in the Bowman capsule. The capillary walls serve as a

Back 9

filtration membrane for the formation of the primary urine.

Front 10

The layers of the glomerular capillary include the endothelium, basement membrane, and epithelium. The epithelium is composed of podocytes that

Back 10

interlock to provide filtration slits.

Front 11

Juxtaglomerular cells secrete renin and are located

Back 11

around the afferent arteriole.

Front 12

The proximal tubule is lined with microvilli to

Back 12

increase surface area and enhance reabsorption.

Front 13

The hairpin-shaped loops of Henle selectively transport

Back 13

solutes and water

Front 14

The distal tubule adjusts acid-base balance by

Back 14

excreting acid into the urine and forming new bicarbonate ions.

Front 15

The collecting duct contains principal cells that resorb sodium and water and excrete potassium and intercalated cells that secrete

Back 15

hydrogen or bicarbonate and potassium.

Front 16

When accumulation of urine reaches 250 to 300 mL, mechanoreceptors, which respond to stretching of tissue,

Back 16

stimulate the micturition reflex.

Front 17

Renal blood flows at about 1000 to 1200 mL/min, or

Back 17

20% to 25% of the cardiac output.

Front 18

The GFR is the filtration of plasma per unit of time and is directly related to

Back 18

the perfusion pressure of renal blood flow.

Front 19

How is constant GFR maintained?

Back 19

Autoregulation of RBF and sympathetic neural regulation of vasoconstriction.

Front 20

The renal blood vessels are innervated by the

Back 20

sympathetic noradrenergic nerves that regulate vasoconstriction.

Front 21

Renin is an enzyme secreted from the juxtaglomerular apparatus; it causes

Back 21

the generation of angiotensin I, which is converted to angiotensin II by the action of ACE.

Front 22

Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor and also stimulates the release of

Back 22

aldosterone from the adrenal cortex.

Front 23

Thus, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is a regulator of

Back 23

renal blood flow and blood pressure.

Front 24

Natriuretic peptides promote sodium and water loss by

Back 24

inhibiting aldosterone and increasing sodium chloride excretion.

Front 25

The glomerulus contains loops of capillaries that loop in the Bowman capsule. The capillary walls serve as a

Back 25

filtration membrane for the formation of the primary urine.

Front 26

The layers of the glomerular capillary include the endothelium, basement membrane, and epithelium. The epithelium is composed of podocytes that

Back 26

interlock to provide filtration slits.

Front 27

Juxtaglomerular cells secrete renin and are located

Back 27

around the afferent arteriole.

Front 28

The proximal tubule is lined with microvilli to

Back 28

increase surface area and enhance reabsorption.

Front 29

The hairpin-shaped loops of Henle selectively transport

Back 29

solutes and water

Front 30

The distal tubule adjusts acid-base balance by

Back 30

excreting acid into the urine and forming new bicarbonate ions.

Front 31

The collecting duct contains principal cells that resorb sodium and water and excrete potassium and intercalated cells that secrete

Back 31

hydrogen or bicarbonate and potassium.

Front 32

When accumulation of urine reaches 250 to 300 mL, mechanoreceptors, which respond to stretching of tissue,

Back 32

stimulate the micturition reflex.

Front 33

Renal blood flows at about 1000 to 1200 mL/min, or

Back 33

20% to 25% of the cardiac output.

Front 34

The GFR is the filtration of plasma per unit of time and is directly related to

Back 34

the perfusion pressure of renal blood flow.

Front 35

How is constant GFR maintained?

Back 35

Autoregulation of RBF and sympathetic neural regulation of vasoconstriction.

Front 36

The renal blood vessels are innervated by the

Back 36

sympathetic noradrenergic nerves that regulate vasoconstriction.

Front 37

Renin is an enzyme secreted from the juxtaglomerular apparatus; it causes

Back 37

the generation of angiotensin I, which is converted to angiotensin II by the action of ACE.

Front 38

Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor and also stimulates the release of

Back 38

aldosterone from the adrenal cortex.

Front 39

Thus, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is a regulator of

Back 39

renal blood flow and blood pressure.

Front 40

Natriuretic peptides promote sodium and water loss by

Back 40

inhibiting aldosterone and increasing sodium chloride excretion.

Front 41

Glomerular filtration is favored by __________ and opposed by _________ in the capillary and hydrostatic pressure in the Bowman capsule.

Back 41

capillary hydrostatic pressure, oncotic pressure

Front 42

What is is the net filtration pressure (NFP)?

Back 42

The balance of favoring and opposing filtration forces.

Front 43

The GFR is approximately ______ and, ______% the filtrate is reabsorbed.

Back 43

120 mL/min, and 99%

Front 44

The proximal convoluted tubule reabsorbs about ________ of the filtered sodium and water and ______ of other electrolytes.

Back 44

60% to 70%, 90%

Front 45

The distal tubules actively reabsorb sodium and water and secrete

Back 45

potassium and hydrogen for the regulation of fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance.

Front 46

The concentration of the final urine is a function of the level of ADH that stimulates the distal tubules and collecting ducts to

Back 46

reabsorb water.

Front 47

The countercurrent exchange system of the long loops of Henle and their accompanying capillaries establishes _________within the renal medulla to facilitate the reabsorption of water from the collecting duct.

Back 47

a concentration gradient

Front 48

The distal nephron regulates acid-base balance by

Back 48

excreting hydrogen ions and forming new bicarbonate.

Front 49

The kidney secretes or activates a number of hormones that have systemic effects, including

Back 49

vitamin D3 (1,25-OH2D3) and erythropoietin