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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What occurs in the PCT?
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Active reabsorption of NA+, with accessory reabsorption of water.
NO ADH needed |
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What are the fuctions of the juxtaglomerular cells?
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Controls RBF, GFR, and renin secretion.
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Sites of referred pain from the ureters
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umbilicus (from upper portion) and the vulva/penis (from lower portion)
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What portion of the CNS controls the bladder and the internal sphincter?
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parasympathetic nerves
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What proportion of RBF is filtered?
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20% (remaining 80% flows to the peritubular capillaries)
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What creates renal autoregulation?
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a myogenic mechanism (contraction/relaxation of arterioles) and tubuloglomerular feedback (from macula densa and JG cells)
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What lowers the RBF and the GFR?
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*vasoconstriction* from:
exercise, change/position, severe hypoxia, hemorrhage...anything that lowers systemic arterial pressure. |
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Renin-Angiotensin System
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H2O loss =
renin--angiotensin I--(through lung aid) Angiotensin II Angiotensin II = secretion/aldosterone from adrenals, and ADH from post. pituitary. |
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What is the function of the Loop of Henle?
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determines concentration of urine by creating a concentration gradient through the counter-current mechanism.
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What is the function of the DCT?
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Reabsorption of H2O with ADH.
""of NA+ with aldosterone. secretion of K+, H+ *Final concentration of urine is in collecting duct* |
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What is normal filtration rate?
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180 L/day; 120 mL/min
99% of filtrate reabsorbed. |
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What is the basic function of diuretics?
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Increase urine flow by inhibiting Na+reabsorption--promotes greater H2O excretion.
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What is plasma creatinine concentration?
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Amount filtered is normally amount excreted. If GFR goes down, Pct goes up proportionately.
norm value = 0.7-1.2 mg/dL |
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What is BUN?
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blood urea nitrogen.
BUN goes up proportionately as GFR goes down. norm value = 10-20 mg/dL |
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What are age-related changes in renal function?
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< RBF and GFR
< nephrons change in tubular transport porlonged response to acid/base loads drug elimination delayed |
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What is often the only presenting symptom of renal cell carcinoma?
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HTN
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What is a distinguishing characteristic of bladder tumors?
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gross hematuria
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What is lithotripsy?
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the use of ultrasonic waves to break up kidney stones.
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What is the distinguishing characteristic of acute pyelonephritis?
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WBC cast
(a urine culture with antibody coated bacteria is also present) |
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What are two S/S that help distinguish chronic pyelonephritis from the acute kind?
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HTN and an abnormally small kidney
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What is urethral syndrome?
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inflammation of microscopic urethral glands
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What is interstitial cystitis?
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Inflammation of bladder--may be autoimmune in origin
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What is acute glomerulonephritis?
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usually post-streptococcal infection. (7-10 days)
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What is rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis? (RPGN)
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involves rapid renal decline
one type: Goodpasture syndrome |
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What is IgA nephropathy?
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a type of glomerulonephritis
usually 24-48 hrs. after URI or GI infection antibodies clog glomerulus--gross hematuria |
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What is a sign of chronic glomerulonephritis?
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massive proteinuria--3-5g/day, mostly albumin
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What is often the first S/S of nephrotic syndrome?
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edema--due to protein loss
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What is the main focus of treatment in acute renal failure?
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manage S/S in order to allow kidneys to resume function.
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What are examples of:
pre-renal failure intra-renal failure post-renal failure |
*hypovolemia due to trauma
*nephrotic syndrome, ATN *bladder tumor, blocked ureter(s)--usually bilateral |
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What is ATN?
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acute tubular necrosis
usually associated with surgery, but also with sepsis, obstetric complications, or severe burns key= hypovolemia and hypotension |
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What are treatment methods for CRF?
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dietray considerations, manage I/O, manage anemia
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What is epispadias?
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location of urethral meatus on the ventral side of penis
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What are some sytemic effects of uremia (i.e. CRF)?
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bone demineralization
pulmonary edema + Kussmaul resp. HTN, pericarditis encephalopathy, stupor, twitching anemia N/V, anorexia pruritis (itching), sex dysfunction |
