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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The filtration barrier of the glomerulus capsule has how many layers?
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3 layers
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Name the three layers of the filtration barrier.
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Fenestrated Endothelium
Basement Membrane Podocyte Processes |
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Capillary endothelial cells with pores of about 100nm.
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Fenestrated Endothelium
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Glycoproteins and mucopolysaccharides make up this
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Basement Membrane
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Have primary and secondary foot processes
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Podocytes
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Spaces between interdigitation foot processes. about 250 angstroms in width.
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Filtration Slits
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Bridges filtration slit
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Filtration slit membrane
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In molecular sieving what size molecules and pass through and what size molecules can not pass through?
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15 A can
35-40 can not |
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Phagocytic cells that contain myofilaments and lay down the mesangial matrix for support of the glomerular tuft.
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Mesangial cells
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Tubule composed of a single layer of epithelial cells resting on a basement membrane. Divided into segments.
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Renal Tubule
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Part of the renal tubule. Consist of two parts: proximal convoluted tubule and the pars recta.
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Proximal Tubule
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Part of the Proximal tubule closest to the glomerulus.
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Proximal convoluted tubule
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Straight part of the proximal tubule that connects to the loop of henle.
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Pars recta
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Made up of a ascending and decending limb.
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Loop of Henele
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This limb of the Loop of Henele penetrates into or toward the medulla.
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Descending Limb
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This limb of the Loop of Henele returns back to the cortex.
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Ascending Limb
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List the functions of the Mesangial cells.
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1) Phagocytic
2) Contractility of Filtration Barrier 3) Stability |
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Part of the renal tubule which passes between the afferent and efferent arterioles of the glomerulus of origin.
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Macula Densa
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What are the two parts of the distal tubule?
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Distal Convoluted Tubule
Connecting Tubule |
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Carries urine from connection segment of nephron to a calyx of the renal pelvis
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Collecting Duct
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Continuous with the renal pelvis and carries urine to the urinary bladder.
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Ureter
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What are the parts of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?
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1) Juxtaglomerular cells
2) Macula Densa 3) Mesangial cells |
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Where is renin produced and stored?
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In the juxtaglomerular cells
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Derived from the division of the efferent arterioles. Intimately associated with the renal tubules.
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Peritubular capilaries
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Long, straight vessels that run parallel to and give rise to a capillary plexus that is intimately associated with the Loops of Henele.
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Vasa Recta
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Average value of GFR in a healthy individual .
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120 ml/min
7.5 L/hr 180 L/day |
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The value for the filtration coefficient (k) of the Starling Equation.
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15 ml/min/mmHg
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The value for the capillary hydraulic pressure ( Pc) of the Starling Equation
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45 mmHg
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The value for the tissue oncotic pressure (Πt) of the Starling Equation.
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0 mmHg
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The value for the tissue hydraulic pressure (Pt) of the Starling Equation
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10 mmHg
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Value for the capillary oncotic pressure (Πc) of the Starling Equation.
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27 mmHg
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What are the three factors affecting renal blood flow?
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Myogenic mechanism
Neural control Tubuloglomerular feedback |
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Myogenic Mechanism is an exampl of what?
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Autoregulation
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In the myogenic mechanism when the pressure goes up what occurs?
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smooth muscle of the arteriolar walls constrict causing and increase in resistance.
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In neural control the sympathetic nervous system discharges what in response to pressure change?
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Norepinephrine
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The tubuloglomerular feedback is a _______________ mechanism.
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Flow-dependant
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The macula densa acts as what in the tubuloglomerular feedback system?
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A sensory location
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The tubuloglomerular feedback system does what?
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Regulates the vascular resistance of afferent arteriole to change GFR.
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GFR stands for what?
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Glomerular Filtration Rate
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The liver produces what plasma protein?
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Angiotensinogen
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Angiotensinogen is cleaved by what to AI?
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Renin
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Angiotensin I is cleaved by what to AII?
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Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE)
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Angiotensin II can be further converted to what?
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A III
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Name the factors that affect renin release
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1) low plasma sodium levels
2) reduced renal blood pressure 3) increased outflow from the renal sympathetic nerves. |
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The kidneys are innervated by what?
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Sympathetic system ONLY
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What are the four basic functions of a nephron?
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1) Filtration
2) Reabsorption 3) Secretion 4) Excretion |
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Used to measure pressures, withdraw samples and infuse fluids of know composition in the kidneys.
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Micropuncture
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What are the two pathways of tubular reabsoption?
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Transcellular
Paracellular |
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Name the five ways substances move across the membranes?
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1)Simple Diffusion
2) Facilitated Diffusion 3) Cotransport 4) Countertransport 5) Primary Active Transport |