Renal Review Quiz 14 Pbd

Front 1

The filtration barrier of the glomerulus capsule has how many layers?

Back 1

3 layers

Front 2

Name the three layers of the filtration barrier.

Back 2

Fenestrated Endothelium
Basement Membrane
Podocyte Processes

Front 3

Capillary endothelial cells with pores of about 100nm.

Back 3

Fenestrated Endothelium

Front 4

Glycoproteins and mucopolysaccharides make up this

Back 4

Basement Membrane

Front 5

Have primary and secondary foot processes

Back 5

Podocytes

Front 6

Spaces between interdigitation foot processes. about 250 angstroms in width.

Back 6

Filtration Slits

Front 7

Bridges filtration slit

Back 7

Filtration slit membrane

Front 8

In molecular sieving what size molecules and pass through and what size molecules can not pass through?

Back 8

15 A can
35-40 can not

Front 9

Phagocytic cells that contain myofilaments and lay down the mesangial matrix for support of the glomerular tuft.

Back 9

Mesangial cells

Front 10

Tubule composed of a single layer of epithelial cells resting on a basement membrane. Divided into segments.

Back 10

Renal Tubule

Front 11

Part of the renal tubule. Consist of two parts: proximal convoluted tubule and the pars recta.

Back 11

Proximal Tubule

Front 12

Part of the Proximal tubule closest to the glomerulus.

Back 12

Proximal convoluted tubule

Front 13

Straight part of the proximal tubule that connects to the loop of henle.

Back 13

Pars recta

Front 14

Made up of a ascending and decending limb.

Back 14

Loop of Henele

Front 15

This limb of the Loop of Henele penetrates into or toward the medulla.

Back 15

Descending Limb

Front 16

This limb of the Loop of Henele returns back to the cortex.

Back 16

Ascending Limb

Front 17

List the functions of the Mesangial cells.

Back 17

1) Phagocytic
2) Contractility of Filtration Barrier
3) Stability

Front 18

Part of the renal tubule which passes between the afferent and efferent arterioles of the glomerulus of origin.

Back 18

Macula Densa

Front 19

What are the two parts of the distal tubule?

Back 19

Distal Convoluted Tubule
Connecting Tubule

Front 20

Carries urine from connection segment of nephron to a calyx of the renal pelvis

Back 20

Collecting Duct

Front 21

Continuous with the renal pelvis and carries urine to the urinary bladder.

Back 21

Ureter

Front 22

What are the parts of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

Back 22

1) Juxtaglomerular cells
2) Macula Densa
3) Mesangial cells

Front 23

Where is renin produced and stored?

Back 23

In the juxtaglomerular cells

Front 24

Derived from the division of the efferent arterioles. Intimately associated with the renal tubules.

Back 24

Peritubular capilaries

Front 25

Long, straight vessels that run parallel to and give rise to a capillary plexus that is intimately associated with the Loops of Henele.

Back 25

Vasa Recta

Front 26

Average value of GFR in a healthy individual .

Back 26

120 ml/min
7.5 L/hr
180 L/day

Front 27

The value for the filtration coefficient (k) of the Starling Equation.

Back 27

15 ml/min/mmHg

Front 28

The value for the capillary hydraulic pressure ( Pc) of the Starling Equation

Back 28

45 mmHg

Front 29

The value for the tissue oncotic pressure (Πt) of the Starling Equation.

Back 29

0 mmHg

Front 30

The value for the tissue hydraulic pressure (Pt) of the Starling Equation

Back 30

10 mmHg

Front 31

Value for the capillary oncotic pressure (Πc) of the Starling Equation.

Back 31

27 mmHg

Front 32

What are the three factors affecting renal blood flow?

Back 32

Myogenic mechanism
Neural control
Tubuloglomerular feedback

Front 33

Myogenic Mechanism is an exampl of what?

Back 33

Autoregulation

Front 34

In the myogenic mechanism when the pressure goes up what occurs?

Back 34

smooth muscle of the arteriolar walls constrict causing and increase in resistance.

Front 35

In neural control the sympathetic nervous system discharges what in response to pressure change?

Back 35

Norepinephrine

Front 36

The tubuloglomerular feedback is a _______________ mechanism.

Back 36

Flow-dependant

Front 37

The macula densa acts as what in the tubuloglomerular feedback system?

Back 37

A sensory location

Front 38

The tubuloglomerular feedback system does what?

Back 38

Regulates the vascular resistance of afferent arteriole to change GFR.

Front 39

GFR stands for what?

Back 39

Glomerular Filtration Rate

Front 40

The liver produces what plasma protein?

Back 40

Angiotensinogen

Front 41

Angiotensinogen is cleaved by what to AI?

Back 41

Renin

Front 42

Angiotensin I is cleaved by what to AII?

Back 42

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE)

Front 43

Angiotensin II can be further converted to what?

Back 43

A III

Front 44

Name the factors that affect renin release

Back 44

1) low plasma sodium levels
2) reduced renal blood pressure
3) increased outflow from the renal sympathetic nerves.

Front 45

The kidneys are innervated by what?

Back 45

Sympathetic system ONLY

Front 46

What are the four basic functions of a nephron?

Back 46

1) Filtration
2) Reabsorption
3) Secretion
4) Excretion

Front 47

Used to measure pressures, withdraw samples and infuse fluids of know composition in the kidneys.

Back 47

Micropuncture

Front 48

What are the two pathways of tubular reabsoption?

Back 48

Transcellular
Paracellular

Front 49

Name the five ways substances move across the membranes?

Back 49

1)Simple Diffusion
2) Facilitated Diffusion
3) Cotransport
4) Countertransport
5) Primary Active Transport