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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Total body water is what percent of body weight? Approximately how many liters is that?
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60%
42 liters |
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What percentage of body mass is intracellular fluid space? extracellular fluid space?
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Intracellular fluid space - 40%
Extracellular fluid space - 20% |
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The extracellular fluid can be further subdivided how?
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Into the interstitial fluid space and plasma volume
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What is the normal glomerular filtration rate?
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125 mL/min per 1.73 m^2
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Relative to other vascular beds, is the vascular resistance in the kidneys high, low, or average?
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Low
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What percentage of CO goes to the kidneys?
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25%
This equals roughly 1.2 liters of blood per minute. |
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What percentage of renal blood flow goes to the renal cortex? renal medulla?
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Renal cortex - 90%
Renal medulla - 10% |
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What factors control renal blood flow?
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Systemic arterial pressure, circulating volume, and renal vascular resistance
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Define newtons first law?
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According to newtons 1st law of motion (inertia), an object at rest will remain at rest and an object in motion will continue in motion unless acted on by an outside force.
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Para-aminohippuran (PAH)
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Substance classically used for determination of RBF.
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What factors regulate glomerular filtration rate?
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Glomerular membrane permeability, capillary blood pressure, intracapsular hydrostatic pressure, intracapillary hydrostatic pressure, and colloid osmotic pressure
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Intracapsular hydrostatic pressure
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The pressure created by the volume of filtrate in the capsule of the glomerulus. This represents a force opposing filtration. Under normal conditions, this pressure is slight. However, under conditions of a massive solute diuresis, the volume of fluid in the capsule increases and raises the hydrostatic pressure.
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Colloid osmotic pressure
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A force opposing filtration and is created by the osmotic effect of plasma proteins. The plasma protein concentration is relatively stable under usual physiological conditions. Colloid osmotic pressure is probably not significant in altering GFR except in situations in which the intracapillary hydrostatic pressure falls to very low levels (in which case GFR would decrease markedly).
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Inulin
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The classic reference substance in measurement of GFR since it is completely filtered at the glomerulus and is neither reabsorbed nor secreted by the tubules. However, measurement of GFR by inulin clearance in humans is technically difficult and clinically impractical.
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Creatinine
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The most commonly used substance for approximating GFR in humans. The clearance of endogenously produced creatinine from muscle cell metabolism is quite constant on a daily basis. The normal value for GFR based on creatinine clearance is 100-125 mL/min per 1.73 m^2.
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Macula densa
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The transition point between the thick ascending limb and distal convoluted tubule.
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What percent of the glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed in the proximal tubular segments?
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60%
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Where is the site of hormonal regulation in the nephron?
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Collecting tubules
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