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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Name type of expansion/contraction and ↑/↓ in
- ECF volume - ICF volume - Osmolality For: Diarrhea |
- Isosmotic Contraction
- ECF ↓ - ICF = no change - Osmolality = no change |
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Name type of expansion/contraction and ↑/↓ in
- ECF volume - ICF volume - Osmolality For: Saline IV |
- Isosmotic Expansion
- ECF ↑ - ICF = no change - Osmolality = no change |
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Name type of expansion/contraction and ↑/↓ in
- ECF volume - ICF volume - Osmolality For: Water Restriction |
- Hyperosmotic Contraction
- ECF ↓ - ICF ↓ - Osmolality ↑ |
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Name type of expansion/contraction and ↑/↓ in
- ECF volume - ICF volume - Osmolality For: High NaCl Intake |
- Hyperosmotic Expansion
- ECF ↑ - ICF ↓ - Osmolality ↑ |
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Name type of expansion/contraction and ↑/↓ in
- ECF volume - ICF volume - Osmolality For: Adrenal Insufficiency |
- Hyposmotic Contraction
- ECF ↓ - ICF ↑ - Osmolality ↓ |
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Name type of expansion/contraction and ↑/↓ in
- ECF volume - ICF volume - Osmolality For: Excessive Water Intake |
- Hyposmotic Expansion
- ECF ↑ - ICF ↑ - Osmolality ↓ |
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Where does urea reabsorption take place?
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Inner medullary collecting duct
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LOW pressure is detected at what 2 pressure sensors?
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Cardiac Chambers
Pulmonary vasculature |
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HIGH pressure is detected at what 2 pressure sensors?
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Aortic arch
Carotid Sinus |
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How does the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System regulate NaCl reabsorption (and therefore blood volume)? (Especially Angiotensin II)
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- ↑ aldosterone
- Vasoconstriction - ↑ ADH secretion - ↑ NaCl reabsorption |
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How do Natruretic peptides (ANP, BNP, Urodilatin) regulate NaCl reabsorption (and therefore blood volume)?
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- ↓ aldosterone
- Vasodilation - ↓ ADH secretion - ↓ NaCl reabsorption |
Antagonistic to the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System
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What is the equation to find the total solutes?
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Total solutes = TBW x Osmolality
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How much of body weight is water?
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50-60%
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How much of the total body water is in the ICF?
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2/3
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How much of the total body water is in the ECF?
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1/3
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How much of the ECF body water is in plasma?
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1/4
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How much of the ECF body water is in interstitial fluid?
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3/4
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No ADH is released when there is ___ mM of plasma ADH
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<280 mM
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What is the normal pH range for blood?
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7.35-7.45
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Which condition causes: CNS depression, enzyme activity changes, and hyperkalemia?
A) Acidosis B) Alkalosis |
A) Acidosis / Acidemia
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Which condition causes: CNS hyper-excitability, enzyme activity changes, and hypokalemia?
A) Acidosis B) Alkalosis |
B) Alkalosis / Alkalemia
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Give the Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation
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pH = pKa + log [A⁻}/[HA]
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What is the largest source of acid in the body?
A) Fixed acid B) volatile acid |
B) volatile acid
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Most acid production from cellular respiration
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Name 3 ways the body handles acid load
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1) Chemical buffering system
2) Respiratory mechanism 3) Renal mechanism |
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Rank following mechanisms from fastest to longest time to mobilize the H⁺ handling system:
- Chemical buffering system - Renal mechanism - Respiratory mechanism |
1) Chemical buffering system
2) Respiratory mechanism 3) Renal mechanism |
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How is HCO₃⁻ reabsorbed at the proximal tubule?
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1) H⁺ enters lumen (exchange for Na⁺)
2) H⁺ + HCO⁻ → H₂CO₃ → CO₂ + H₂O 3) CO₂ & H₂O diffuse back into proximal tubule 4) Form H⁺ + HCO₃⁻ 5) HCO₃⁻ reabsorbed into blood |
Occurs at principle cells
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Where is "new" HCO₃⁻ reabsorbed at the collecting ducts?
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1) Phosphate buffer system
2) provides new HCO₃⁻ for reabsorption |
Occurs a intercalated cells
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What acts as a buffer when H⁺ pumps stop working (pH <4.5) and HCO3⁻ & Phosphate buffers are overwhelmed?
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Ammonia (NH₃)
NH₃ + H⁺ → NH₄⁺ |
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Acid is a proton ____
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donor
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Base is a proton ____
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acceptor
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