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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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when is mannitol contraindicated?
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anuria, CHF
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clinical use of mannitol?
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shock, drug overdose, decrease intracranial/intraocular pressure
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how does mannitol work?
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increases tubular fluid osmolarity, producing increased urine flow
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mechanism of acetazolamide?
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carbonic anhydrase inhibitor - causes self-limited NaHCO3 diuresis and reduction in total body HCO3- stores
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where does acetazolamide act?
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proximal convoluted tubule
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toxicity of acetazolamide?
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hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis, neuropathy, NH3 toxicity, sulfa allergy
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clinical use of acetazolamide?
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glaucoma, urinary alkalinization, metabolic alkalosis, altitude sickness
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mechanism of furosemide?
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sulfonamide loop diuretic - inhibits NKCC of thick ascending limb; abolishes hypertonicity of medulla, preventing concentration of urine
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what effect does furosemide have on calcium excretion?
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increases it - Loops Lose calcium
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clinical use of furosemide?
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edematous states (CHF, cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome, pulmonary edema), hypertension, hypercalcemia
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toxicity of furosimide?
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OH DANG
ototoxicity, hypokalemia, dehydration, allergy (sulfa), nephritis (interstitial), gout |
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drug for diuresis in patients allergic to sulfa drugs?
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ethacrynic acid
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diuretic that can be used in hyperuricemia, acute gout?
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ethacrynic acid
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mechanism of hydrochlorothiazide?
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inhibits NaCl reabsorption in distal convoluted tubule, reducing diluting capacity of the nephron, decreases calcium excretion
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clinical use of hydrochlorothiazide?
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hypertension, CHF, idiopathic hypercalciuiria, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
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diuretic used in nephrogenic diabetes insipidus?
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hydrochlorothiazide
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toxicity of hydrochlorothiazide?
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hyperGLUC
hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis, hyponatremia, hyperGlycemia, hyperLipidemia, hyperUricemia, and hyperCalcemia also sulfa allergy |
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what are the potassium sparing diuretics?
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Spironolactone, Triamterene, Amiloride, eplercone
the K+ STAys |
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mechanism of spironolactone?
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competitive aldosterone receptor antagonist in cortical collecting tubule
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how do triamterene and amiloride act?
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cortical collecting tubule - block Na+ channels
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clinical use of K+ sparing diuretics?
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hyperaldosteronism, K+ depletion, CHF
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toxicity of K+ sparing diuretics?
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hyperkalemia, endocrine effects (e.g. spironolactone causes gynecomastia, antiandrogen effects)
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diuretics causing acidosis?
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carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, K+ sparing diuretics
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diuretics causing alkalosis?
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loop diuretics, thiazides
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diuretic that increases urine calcium?
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loop diuretics
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diuretics that decrease urine calcium?
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thiazides
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name 3 ACE inhibitors
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captopril, enlapril, lisinopril
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mechanism of Losartan?
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AT II receptor antagonist - not ACE inhibitor and so doesn't cause cough
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toxicity of ACE inhibitors?
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CAPTOPRIL
cough, angioedema, proteinuria, taste changes, hypOtension, pregnancy problems (fetal renal damage), rash, increased renin, lower angiotensin II; hyperkalemia |
